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袁运甫

( 中国美术家协会理事 )

袁运甫 1933年生于江苏南通。画家,教育家。清华大学美术学院教授、博士生导师、装饰艺术研究所所长。1949年就读于杭州国立艺术专科学校,1954年毕业于中央美术学院。中国美术家协会理事、壁画艺术委员会副主任。

  • 中文名袁运甫
  • 性别
  • 国籍中国
  • 民族汉族
  • 出生地江苏南通
  • 出生日期1933.5
  • 职业画家 教育家
  • 协会中国美术家协会
  • 毕业院校中央美术学院
  • 主要成就中国美术家协会理事、壁画艺术委员会副主任
  • 代表作品《祖国大地》 《江山胜揽》 《晨曦》
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历史性的推进袁运甫大美术观述评

中国美术网 09-17 浏览

近读运甫先生文集《有容乃大》,受到颇大触动。袁运甫教授是我素所敬重的艺术大家,他的成就是多方面的,举其荦荦大者,无论是由其担纲做总设计的国家级大型公共艺术工程,还是壁画、彩墨画创作,或在美术教...
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人物简介

袁运甫,1949—1952年在杭州国立艺专学习,1933年初—1954年9月在北京中央美术学院学习并毕业。1956年中央工艺美术学院成立,即在学院任教。历任特艺系、装饰艺术系系主任,装饰艺术研究所所长。学院合并清华大学后,继续于清华大学美术学院担任教授、博士生导师。至今。曾任第九届全国政协委员、中国工艺美术协会副理事长、北京市人民政府专业顾问。现任中国美术家协会理事、中国壁画学会副会长、中国国家画院公共艺术学院院长。
袁运甫壁画作品:“北京太庙国家礼器《中华和钟》、人民大会堂壁画《千里江山图》、全国政协壁画《晨曦》、香港厅《荷塘香远》、山东厅壁画《泰山》、中国驻香港特派专员公署大楼壁画《祖国大地》、最高法院大楼壁画《高山仰止》、最高检察院壁画《江山胜揽》、中华世纪坛大厅壁画《中华千秋颂》与环境设计、北京首都国际机场壁画《巴山蜀水》、《万里长城》、北京建国饭店壁画《长江万里图》、四川邓小平纪念馆壁画《峰》等。袁运甫出版了四本论文集。六十年代由天津美术出版社的《怎样画水粉画》。1987年由四川人民出版社出版的《装饰绘画散论》。1995年由人民美术出版社出版的《袁运甫悟艺集》。2001年岭南美术出版社出版的《有容乃大》。此外,袁先生还出版了《袁运甫画集》、《袁运甫线描》、《袁运甫彩墨画》、《向世界博物馆推荐丛书——袁运甫》等各种画册画集。主编了中央工艺美术学院建院四十年来的《艺术设计》、《中国当代装饰艺术》、《中国现代美术全集》(部分卷目)等重要的学术著作。

艺术之路

《祖国大地》
中央办公厅和毛主席纪念堂的有关领导找到袁运甫,安排他为毛主席纪念堂创作复制大型艺术挂毯《祖国大地》。73岁的袁运甫没有任何犹豫,一口答应了下来。在袁运甫的心中,这是一项很光荣也很神圣的任务。袁运甫第一次接受这项任务是在30年前,当时有关方面安排他和刘秉江等人为即将动工修建的毛主席纪念堂创作一件大型艺术作品,创作地点设在北京王府井北大街的考古研究所。袁运甫有自己的创作习惯,他每次都是先在家中把艺术构思画成小稿,然后带到办公室去放大,那段时间他们前前后后创作设计了很多题材,经过筛选上报,准备取意毛主席诗词《咏梅》进行创作,但这个方案最终未被采纳,后来是按照毛泽东诗句“问苍茫大地,谁主沉浮”进行艺术构思,寓意毛主席与大地同在,永垂不朽。经过几个月的艰苦创作,袁运甫等人终于完成了送审稿,为把毛泽东坐像衬托得雄伟高大,他们采用了民族传统的画法:大山小画,以小见大,江河、树木和远方群山都用朦胧的画法来处理,使画面显得更加深远,把人们带入辽阔深远的意境。在此期间,他们根据毛主席纪念堂美术组和中央有关领导的意见,多次对作品进行严谨细致的修改,最终完。成了高6米、宽2米的油画作品《祖国大地》。这件巨幅油画无论从艺术上还是政治上说,都堪称精品,画面上是东方欲晓的神州大地,近处山峦起伏,飞泉流泻,长江黄河千回百转,归向大海,远处雪山沧海,依稀可见。整个画面大气磅礴、基调明快,使人心潮澎湃,胸襟开阔。这幅画由山东烟台绒绣厂负责绣制绒绣画,袁运甫对女工的创作进行具体的艺术指导。1977年毛主席逝世一周年前夕,毛主席纪念堂落成,这件羊毛挂毯就布置在巨大的毛泽东坐像背后。远远望去,毛泽东就像端坐在这群山之巅、大地怀中,好似在巡视祖国大地的途中小憩。这幅艺术珍品从此深深留在了无数人的记忆之中,也成为毛主席纪念堂里最珍贵的艺术品。30年过去了,作品的颜色开始有些变化,毛主席纪念堂要求他对这幅作品进行复制。袁先生原本以为这件事并不复杂,但接手以后,才知道事情并不像想象的那样简单。原来的画稿找不到了,需要重新进行创作复制。原来的创作集体早已不存在了,创作任务落在了他一个人头上。他推掉了其他的一切应酬和活动,全力以赴地投入创作。历时数月,一幅同原稿一模一样的油画作品摆在了有关方面眼前。顺利通过审查后,他又开始马不停蹄地对绣制单位进行考察。经过全面论证衡量,他和有关单位一起确定了由清华大学纤维研究所负责进行编织。袁运甫说:“清华大学纤维研究所把最新的纳米技术应用到创作中,使作品在色彩上更生动,质量上不变质、不变色、更长久。”袁先生对这件作品的创作格外用心,经常到所里进行创作指导,在质量上把关。不久,这件新的艺术挂毯就会布置到毛主席纪念堂,而原来的那件作品将作为珍贵文物被永久收藏。
《江山胜揽》
以山水长卷画的表现形式,展开了人类社会文明与自然天地和谐共生的美好图卷。作品在群峰长河的环抱中,描绘了从西北的祁连山、昆仑山、西南的花山、东北的长白山、东南的武夷山直至大海的广饶的中华大地。祖国的名山大川和华夏祖先在群峰峭壁上留下的岩画,向人们展示了壮美的自然景观。《晨曦》以祖国锦绣山河为主题,表现了我泱泱大国辽阔的疆域、绮丽的风光和美轮美奂的天然奇景。画面自左至右依次描绘了喜马拉雅山脉、昆仑山脉、天山山脉、秦岭山脉、太行山脉、横断山脉、长白山脉、武夷山脉及五岳和宝岛。在群山之中,黄河、长江蜿蜒飘渺、奔流东去,巍巍长城逝入云霞。在画面的远方,是浩瀚的大海。由袁运甫先生和青年艺术家袁加先生共同创作的三幅巨型作品同时问世。其中《江山胜揽》(3.3米高,11米宽)悬挂于人民大会堂,《晨曦》(3.3米高,10米宽)悬挂于全国政协大楼前厅。这两幅作品均以祖国山河为创作主题,描绘了大江南北、黄河上下、千里冰封、万壑叠翠的壮美景观。袁运甫先生指出:“作为一个拥有悠久历史的文明大国,我们的文化要有海纳百川的胸怀。我们要从伟大的中华历史文明中成长起来,形成具有现代精神的审美价值观。这是我们国家60年来走向强盛和进步的软实力”。袁加先生在介绍此次创作过程时特别说到:“中国山水画是中国艺术发展史中的主线。我们在这次创作中将山水长卷画的创作精神,辅以现代视觉审美的表达,进而形成中西艺术取长补短积极融合的形式语言,展现现代中国博大、开放的文化风貌,是这次创作实践中最有益的尝试”。
袁氏父子还为文化部重大历史题材创作工程完成了油画作品《中国载人航天技术》(2.2米高,3.9米宽)。作品表现了几十年来中国航天人所走过的艰辛路程和创造的辉煌成就。它寄予了中国人对奇妙太空的无尽梦想。袁运甫和袁加先生近些年来为国家创作了大量标志性艺术作品,如:2008年奥运会的奥运村大门景观工程;毛主席纪念堂、邓小平故居陈列馆、最高法院、最高检察院、中华世纪坛巨型主题壁画;“中华和钟”创制工程等。新近完成的这三幅作品,是他们为共和国60华诞献上的美好祝福。

 

人物贡献

公共艺术
作为当代公共艺术的奠基者,袁运甫数十年来坚持在这一领域进行不懈探索。他认为积极参与城市文化建设,是公共艺术工作者服务于社会的主要方式。在他的影响和带动下,公共艺术已经作为一门新学科逐步建立和完善起来。袁运甫说,对城市的建设和改造,要有长远的、整体的规划,不能搞成千篇一律,让人走遍全国却感觉在同一座城市里旅行;更不能不考虑城市的历史与文化,一味地标新立异。袁运甫先后为首都国际机场创作壁画《巴山蜀水》,为北京建国门地铁站创作壁画《中国天文史》,为世界公园门口创作彩色花岗岩拼镶浮雕壁画《世界之门》,为人民大会堂山东厅创作锻铜贴金箔的壁画浮雕《泰山揽胜》,为中华世纪坛大厅创作的花岗岩拼镶浮雕壁画《中华千秋颂》,为全国政协创作花岗岩浮雕壁画《高山流水》。这些作品给人们带来了强烈的视觉冲击和审美愉悦,已经成为这座城市的重要符号,成为人们美好的记忆。
大美术观念
袁运甫敢于大胆阐述自己的艺术见解和主张,也经常为自己所关注的问题奔走呼吁。他说艺术家的责任感要求他必须这么做,否则,内心就无法安宁。对于当代艺术教育,袁运甫有自己的独到主张,他认为美术教育必须建立大美术观念,让学生全面学习提高综合艺术素养,现在的艺术教育过细的划分,使学生的艺术视野和知识结构受到很大局限,使每个人只能走一条狭窄的路。对于十分盛行的老师带弟子的做法,袁运甫也不苟同。他认为艺术不能搞成作坊式的,如果学生只能摹仿师傅,必然造成艺术狭隘。袁运甫曾大胆提出“自助式教育”,体现在教学上应该实行学分制,增设选修课程,这在艺术院校过去是没有的。其次,实行工作室制,一些志同道合的艺术家一起组成工作室,学生可以自由选修。这样既保持了每个人的特点,又培养了学生的创造力,而不是按照模式化去培养和塑造学生。袁运甫还多次呼吁,尽快建立国家艺术博物馆,集中展示我国的珍贵艺术品,这是作为一个文化大国的必然要求。
 

相关评价

一位画家艺术能自由地穿梭于国画、壁画、油画、水粉画、纤维艺术、书籍装帧艺术诸领域,变而通之,得心应手。他还涉猎刺绣、壁毯、珐琅、石雕、木雕、漆艺、金工、陶瓷和玻璃等许多行业,并为传统工艺融入现代空间环境做出了巨大的贡献。他就是袁运甫先生。袁运甫先生是我国著名的画家、公共艺术家和艺术教育家。在长达60年的艺术生涯中,袁先生涉猎中国画、油画、水粉画、插图艺术、设计艺术和大量公共艺术创作活动。他是中国近现代艺术史中具有重要意义的艺术大家。
在绘画艺术领域,袁运甫先生的最大贡献有两点。一是他在西画创作中,通过对西方绘画艺术的研究和实践,将现代色彩学与中国古典、民间艺术主观色彩表现的传统相融合,创造出深具现代风格的中国色彩审美品格的作品。二是袁运甫先生对中国水墨画艺术的创新贡献。从上世纪60年代起,袁先生在水墨画、彩墨画的创作中,着重在绘画体裁、创作方法、色与墨的交融等多个方面,对传统艺术的现代性转换、发展、创新,做出了极具价值的历史性贡献,推进了中国水墨艺术的发展进程。在公共艺术创作上,袁先生堪称中国现代壁画复兴运动的开拓、引领者。早在1973年,他创作的《长江万里图》,再到1979年首都国际机场壁画《巴山蜀水》的落成,袁先生的艺术创作,成为那个时代的标志性艺术作品。自1956年中央工艺美术学院(今清华大学美术学院)成立至今,袁运甫先生作为一位艺术教育家,秉承厚德载物的人生理想,特别强调加强对传统文化、民间艺术和西方现代艺术的学习和研究,形成了“大美术”的教育思想。

English Introduction

Yuan Yunfu, 1949 - 1952 in Hangzhou National Art College, at the beginning of 1933 to September 1954 in Beijing and graduated from the China Central Academy of Fine Arts. 1956 Central Technology Academy of Fine Arts was established, that is, taught at the college. Served as director of special arts department, the Department of decorative arts, decorative art institute. After merging Tsinghua University, he continued to be a professor and doctoral tutor at Tsinghua University in Academy of Fine Arts. So far. Former Ninth CPPCC National Committee, vice chairman of China Arts and Crafts Association, Beijing Municipal People's Government professional adviser. Now she is the president of China Artists Association, vice president, Chinese mural Chinese National Academy of public art institute.
Yuan Yunfu works: "Beijing Temple" the national ritual bell ", the Great Hall of the people and the murals of the Trinidad jiangshantu", the CPPCC National Committee, the office of Hongkong mural "dawn" "the fragrance of the lotus pond", "Taishan", Shandong hall mural China Hongkong Resident Commissioner for the motherland "," building murals murals of the Supreme Court building "the Supreme People's Procuratorate," extend great admiration "Jiangshan Sheng Lan", murals of the Chinese century altar hall mural "the song" Chiaki and environmental design, Szechwan "," Beijing Capital International Airport mural "the Great Wall", Beijing Hotel "mural Yangtze map", Sichuan Deng Xiaoping Memorial mural "peak". Yuan Yunfu published four papers. In 60s by the Tianjin Art Publishing House "how to paint pictures". "Decorative painting theory" published by Sichuan people's Publishing House in 1987. 1995 by the people's Fine Arts Publishing House published "Yuan Yunfu enlightenment art set". 2001 south of the Five Ridges Fine Arts Publishing House of the "tolerance". In addition, Mr. Yuan also published the "Yuan Yunfu album", "Yuan Yunfu", "Yuan Yunfu line", "color ink painting to the world museum recommended series -- Yuan Yunfu" and other books. The editor in chief of the central Academy of Fine Arts in its forty years of "art and design", "contemporary art", "China decoration Chinese modern art collection" (part volume mesh) and other important academic works.

"Motherland earth"
The leadership of the Central Committee and the office of the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall to find Yuan Yunfu, he is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall creative artistic tapestry "copying large motherland". 73 year old Yuan Yunfu without any hesitation, agreed to a down. In Yuan Yunfu's heart, this is a glorious and sacred task. The first time Yuan Yunfu accepted this task was over 30 years ago, when the authorities arranged he and Liu Bingjiang, as is to be built in the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall to create a large works of art creation, located in the Beijing Archaeological Research Institute of Wangfujing North street. Yuan Yunfu has his own writing habit, every time he is the artistic conception of painting into a small release at home, then go to the office of amplification, at that time they created a lot of themes and, after screening report, prepared from Italy Chairman Mao poetry "Yongmei" of creation, but the final plan has not been adopted later, according to Mao Zedong poem "ask boundless, who is the master of artistic conception, meaning of Chairman Mao and the earth, immortal. After months of hard creation, Yuan Yunfu finally completed the manuscript, to Mao Zedong seated off the majestic tall, they used the traditional painting: mountain small paintings, rivers, trees and the child is father of the man, the distant mountains are treated with hazy painting, make the picture even more profound, put people into a vast and far-reaching artistic conception. In the meantime, according to the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall art group and the central leadership of the views, many times on the work of careful and meticulous modification, the final. Became 6 meters high, wide oil painting works of 2 meters "motherland". This huge oil painting from both art and politics that are called boutique, the picture is dawn near the divine land, undulating hills, waterfalls flow, the Yellow River Yangtze River to the sea, the distant snow innumerable twists and turns, the sea, faintly visible. The whole picture is grand and magnificent, bright tone, make people full of excitement., broad-minded. This painting by Shandong Yantai embroidered velvet embroidered tapestry factory in charge, specific art director Yuan Yunfu on the creation of female workers. 1977 on the eve of the first anniversary of the death of Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao Memorial Hall was completed, the wool tapestry on the layout behind the huge statue of Mao Zedong. From afar, like Mao Zedong sitting in the mountains, the earth in a way like arms, tour the motherland. This art treasures from this deep in the memory of countless people, has become chairman Mao Memorial Hall of the most precious art. 30 years later, the color of the work began to change, Chairman Mao memorial hall asked him to copy this work. Yuan originally thought this thing is not complicated, but took over later, just know things are not as simple as imagined. The original drawings can not find the need to re creation of replication. The original creative collective has long gone, the creation of the task fell on his head. He pushed off all the other entertainment and activities, devoted himself to the creation. Lasted several months, a manuscript with the same oil paintings placed in front of the parties concerned. Passed the examination, he began to examine the embroidery unit non-stop. After a comprehensive argument to measure, he and the relevant units identified by the Tsinghua University Institute of fiber responsible for weaving. Yuan Yunfu said: "Tsinghua University Institute of fiber to the latest nanotechnology applied to the creation, so that works in color more vivid, quality is not degenerate, do not change color, longer." Mr. Yuan hard on this works, often in writing instruction, check the quality. Soon, the new artistic tapestry will be arranged to the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, and the original works will serve as a permanent collection of precious cultural relics are.

"Jiang Jiang Jiang Sheng Lan"
In the form of landscape scroll painting, the civilization of human society and the natural world harmony beautiful picture. Surrounded by peaks in river works, described from the northwest of the Qilian Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, southwest of Huashan, northeast Changbai Mountain, Southeast of Wuyishan until the Guangrao China sea. Leave the motherland and the ancestors of the Chinese population in well-known mountains and rivers on the steep rock, showing the magnificent natural landscape to the people. "Dawn" to the motherland a beautiful land as the theme, expression of my great country vast territory, beautiful scenery and magnificent natural wonders. The picture from left to right, depicts the Himalaya mountains and the Kunlun mountains, Tianshan Mountains, Qinling Mountains mountains, the Taihang Mountains, the Hengduan Mountains, Changbai Mountains, Wuyi Mountains and mountains and taiwan. In the mountains, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River flows to the East, misty winds, towering clouds passed into the Great Wall. In the distant picture, is the vast sea. Three giant works jointly created by Mr. Yuan Yunfu and young artist mr.. The "Jiangshan Sheng embrace" (3.3 m-high, 11 meters wide) hanging in the Great Hall of the people, "dawn" (3.3 meters high, 10 meters wide) hanging in the lobby of the CPPCC building. The two paintings were in the mountains and rivers of the motherland as the theme, depicting the Yellow River, on both sides of the Changjiang River, Trinidad ice, wind Pinnacle magnificent landscape. Mr. Yuan Yunfu said: "as a country with a long history of civilization, our culture is all rivers run into sea of mind. We should grow up from the great Chinese historical civilization and form the aesthetic values with modern spirit. This is our country 60 years to strong and progressive soft power". Mr. Yuan Jia introduced the creation process in particular, said: "Chinese landscape painting is the main line in the history of Chinese art development. We in the creation in landscape scroll painting with modern aesthetic spirit, expression, and the formation of Chinese and Western art from the positive integration in the form of language, modern Chinese broad, open cultural style, this is the most beneficial practice".
Yuan's father and son also for the Ministry of culture major historical theme creation works completed the oil painting "China Manned Space Technology" (2.2 meters high, 3.9 meters wide). Works show decades of Chinese aerospace man through the arduous journey and create brilliant achievements. It placed the Chinese endless dream of wonderful space. Yuan Yunfu and Mr. Yuan Jia in recent years as the country created a number of iconic works of art, such as the 2008 Olympic Games Olympic Village Gate landscape engineering; Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, the Museum of Deng Xiaoping's former residence, the Supreme Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the China Millennium Monument theme giant murals; "the clock and created the project etc.. These three works recently completed, they are for the Republic's 60 birthday wishes to offer.

Public art
As the founder of contemporary public art, Yuan Yunfu insisted on unremitting exploration in this field for decades. He believes that actively participating in urban cultural construction is the main way for public artists to serve the society. Under his influence and drive, public art has been gradually established and perfected as a new discipline. Yuan Yunfu said that the construction and renovation of the city, to have a long-term, overall planning, can not engage in thousands of articles, let a person feel to travel around the country in the same city; it can not consider the historical and cultural city, a landmark new innovation. Yuan Yunfu has for the Capital International Airport to create murals "Szechwan", for the Beijing Jianguomen subway station "Chinese day history" mural creation, mosaic mural "world's gate" for the world park gate for the creation of color granite, Shandong hall creation wrought copper gilded embossed murals "Taishan Rover", as the Chinese century altar the creation of granite mosaic mural "the song" the CPPCC Chiaki, the creation of granite relief murals "good friend". These works give people a strong visual impact and aesthetic pleasure, has become an important symbol of the city, people become a good memory.
Big art idea
Yuan Yunfu dared to boldly set forth his own artistic opinions and opinions, and often called for his own concerns. He said that the artist's sense of duty demands that he must do so, otherwise, there is no peace of mind. The contemporary art education, Yuan Yunfu has its own unique ideas, he thinks that art education must establish art concept, let the students learn to improve the comprehensive quality of art, the art education division now meticulous, the artistic vision and the students' knowledge structure is the overall limit, so that each person can only walk a narrow road. The teacher is very popular with his practice, Yuan Yunfu did not agree. He believed that art can not engage in a workshop style, if students can imitate art master, will inevitably lead to narrow. Yuan Yunfu boldly put forward "self-help education", reflected in the teaching should be implemented credit system, additional elective courses, which in the art colleges in the past is not. Secondly, the studio system, some like-minded artists together to form a studio, students can freely elective. This not only to maintain the characteristics of each person, but also cultivate the creativity of students, rather than in accordance with the model to cultivate and shape students. Yuan Yunfu also repeatedly called for the establishment of the National Art Museum as soon as possible, focused on showing our precious art, which is a cultural imperative.

A painter of art can move freely in the fields of painting, mural painting, oil painting, gouache, fiber art, art, and through the handy. He also dabbled in embroidery, tapestry, enamel, stone carving, wood carving, lacquer art, metalwork, ceramics and glass and many other industries, and make great contribution to the traditional process with modern space environment. He's Mr. Yuan Yunfu. Mr. Yuan Yunfu is a famous painter, public artist and art educator in China. In 60 years of artistic career, Mr. Yuan Chinese dabbled in painting, oil painting, gouache, illustration art, design art and public art activities. He is an art of great significance in modern Chinese art history.
In the field of painting art, Mr. Yuan Yunfu's greatest contribution has two points. He is in Western painting creation, through the research and practice of Western painting art, modern color science and Chinese classical and folk art, combining traditional subjective color, to create a modern style with Chinese color aesthetic character works. Two is Mr. Yuan Yunfu's innovative contribution to Chinese ink painting art. From late 60s onwards, Mr. Yuan in ink painting, ink and color painting creation, mainly in the painting genre, writing method, color and ink blending aspects, modern transformation, development and innovation of the traditional art, made a historic contribution of great value, promote the development of Chinese ink art the. In the creation of public art, Mr. Yuan is the pioneer and pioneer of Chinese modern mural revival movement. In early 1973, he created the "Yangtze map", and then to the 1979 completion of the Capital International Airport mural "Szechwan", Mr. Yuan's artistic creation, and became the symbol of art works. Since 1956 the central Academy of Fine Arts (now Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts) was founded, Mr. Yuan Yunfu as an art educator, uphold social commitment the ideal life, with particular emphasis on strengthening the traditional culture, folk art and modern western art learning and research, forming a "fine arts" education thought.
 

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