李阳冰(生卒年不详)，唐代文学家、书法家。字少温、仲温，谯郡(治今安徽亳州)人，一说合州(今重庆合川)人(见《一统志》)。李阳冰五世祖李善权为后魏谯郡太守，将家徙至谯郡(治今安徽亳州)，于是在安徽亳州一带有了赵郡李氏的后裔。李白族叔。

肃宗乾元年间(758-759)，曾任缙云县令。上元二年(761)，迁当涂县令，有政绩。

代宗大历初(766)，擢任集贤院学士。建中初年(780)，领国子丞，官至将作少监。

 与李白的来往

古籍记载:"宝应元年，为当涂令，白往依之，曾为白序其诗集。历集贤院学士，晚为少监，人称李监。"

唐上元二年(761)，晚年的李白穷困潦倒，从金陵(今南京)来到当涂，投奔从叔李阳冰。起初，李阳冰不知道李白的窘境和来意，当李阳冰送李白上船告别时，见到李白的《献从叔当涂宰阳冰》诗后，才又把他挽留下来。诗中首先对李阳冰的才华进行了赞扬，说:"吾家有季父，杰出圣代英，虽无三台位，不借四豪名。激昂风云气，终协龙虎精。弱冠燕赵来，贤彦多逢迎。鲁连擅谈笑，季布折公卿。"他认为李阳冰为人耿介，才高出众，从小就受到家乡贤士的器重和赏识，许多贤达名士都愿意与他交往，说他既不依附权贵，又具有英豪之气。接着他又在诗中对李阳冰在当涂的政绩进行了颂扬与评价。说"宰邑艰难时，浮云空古城。居人若薙草，扫地无纤茎。惠泽及飞走，农夫尽归耕。广汉水万里，长流玉琴声。雅颂播吴越，还如太阶平。"他认为李阳冰在安史之乱后来到当涂，临危受命，治理有方，惠泽遍施，政绩卓著。最后才在诗中陈述了自己无所依归的困难处境，说:"小子别金陵，来时白下亭。群凤怜客鸟，差池相哀鸣。各拔五色毛，意重泰山轻。赠微所费广，斗水浇长鲸。弹剑歌苦寒，严风起前楹。月衔天门晓，霜落牛渚清。长叹即归路，临川空屏营。"从诗里看出李白分明是在冬天由金陵来当涂访问阳冰的，因为在金陵靠朋友的周济已不能维持生活，所以才来当涂求靠。而李阳冰则气度轩朗，竭力相助，待友以仁，使李白晚年终于有了一个栖身之所和归宿之地。

李白寓居当涂后，与李阳冰在县署和山间时相过从，屡有聚会。他看到当时的李阳冰，是"高歌振林木，大笑喧雷霆。落笔洒篆文，崩云使人惊。吐辞又炳焕，五色落华星。秀句满江国，高才 天庭。"说阳冰不仅书法有独到之处，而且所写的诗文也十分艳丽华美。为了表达对李阳冰的敬慕，他还专为李阳冰写了一篇《当涂李宰君画赞》，赞云:"天垂元精，岳降粹灵。应期命世，大贤乃生。吐奇献策，敷闻王庭。帝用休之，扬光泰清。滥觞百里，涵量八溟。缙云飞声，当涂政成。雅颂一变，江山再荣。举邑 舞，式图丹青。眉秀华盖，目朗明星，鹤矫阆凤，麟腾玉京，若揭日月，昭然运行。穷神阐化，永世作程。"这篇赞文不仅表达了李白对李阳冰怀着十分敬慕的心情，而且为李阳冰这样有谋略、有胆识、有政绩的人，在国家动乱、世道衰微的情况下，不能大显身手、施展抱负而惋惜。

唐代宗宝应元年(762)十一月，李白一病不起。在病榻将自己的诗文草稿交给李阳冰，请他编辑作序。后来李阳冰将其诗文辑成《草堂集》十卷，并为之作《序》。阳冰在《序》中说他"临当挂冠，公又疾亟，草稿万卷，手集未修，俾予为序"。这是说李阳冰在"临当挂冠"正要罢职的情况下，还为李白编了集子，写了序言。他在序言中除对李白的家世、生平、思想、性格、交游等情况作了扼要记述外，同时对李白的著述情况和诗文成就作了高度评价。他称李白是"千载独步，唯公一人"，"唯公文章，横被六合，可谓力敌造化欤!"

 阳冰善词章，"秀句满江园";工篆书，"笔法妙天下"。论者以"虫蚀鸟迹语其形，风行雨集语其势，太阿龙泉语其利，崇高华岳语其峻"，赞其书法，谓"唐三百年，以篆称者，唯公独步。"

李阳冰所书的石刻很多。其中如浙江缙云的《城隍庙记》、福州乌石山的《般若台题记》、广西桂林的《舜庙碑》、湖北武昌的《怡亭铭》、陕西西安的《颜帷贞庙碑额》等。尤其安徽芜湖十二中学校园的《谦卦碑》，是李阳冰在任当涂县令期间，应友人之请所书而刻于石的。此碑为篆书，气势犀利，风骨遒劲，笔法雄健。唐时散落民间，明初芜湖王氏于当涂城内获得，将碑转至芜湖秘藏家中。至明嘉靖四年(1525)，始由芜湖关监督张大用从王氏家中移立于学官，并为之题跋云:"阳冰篆书祖秦相斯，而笔力过之，舒元舆辈论之详矣。是刻藏芜湖王氏，国初得之当涂县治，风骨雅健，卓越有古意。"可惜这"题跋"碑石在"文革"动乱中毁坏无存，而《谦卦碑》至今仍存。

折叠代表作品

《三坟记》，唐大历二年(767年)刻。李季卿撰，李阳冰书。《三坟记》为李阳冰代表作。在唐代篆书中，

李阳冰是成就最高的。谓之"铁线描。"《三坟记碑》承李斯《峄山碑》玉筋笔法，以瘦劲取胜，结体修长，线条遒劲平整，笔画从头至尾粗细一致，光滑洁净，婉曲翩然。

清孙承泽云:"篆书自秦、汉以后，推李阳冰为第一手。今观《三坟记》，运笔命格，矩法森森，诚不易及。然予曾于陆探微所画《金滕图》后见阳冰手书，遒劲中逸致翩然，又非石刻所能及也。"清康有为认为《三坟记》以"瘦劲取胜"。当代书法家王南溟先生曾撰文评介李阳冰的小篆:"线条或如垂柳之摇曳，或如流云之舒卷，洋溢著一种抒情的气息，代表著小篆书法在唐代复兴的文采风流。"传世刻帖有《三坟记》、《城隍庙碑》、《谦卦铭》、《怡亭铭》、《般若台题名》、《吴季札墓志》等，均为后世翻刻本。

折叠石刻书法

李阳冰性喜刻石，颜真卿所书之碑多请他篆额。他的著名书作有《三坟记》、《怡亭铭并序》、《城隍庙碑》、《易谦卦》、《滑台新驿记》等。其中《易谦卦》笔法尤为瘦健。清代王漱《竹云题跋》称它:"运笔如蚕吐丝，骨力如绵裹铁。"

 李阳冰主编李白诗集《草堂集》并为序。李阳冰在唐代以篆学名世，精工小篆，圆淳瘦劲，为秦篆一大变革，被誉为李斯后小篆第一人，对后世颇有影响。自秦李斯整理规范小篆，历两汉、魏、晋至隋、唐，逾千载，学书者惟真草是攻，而篆学中废。李阳冰尝叹曰:"天之未丧斯文也，故小子得篆籀之宗旨。"李阳冰曾刊定东汉许慎所著《说文解字》为二十卷，但对原书的篆法和解说都大加改动。此后，许慎的原本渐渐消失，而李氏刊本则盛行。直至宋代初年，徐铉奉诏校订《说文解字》，对原书内容进行了整理，才大致恢复许著原貌。

李阳冰以篆书为己任，始学李斯《峄山碑》，承玉筋笔法，然在体势上变其法。线条上变平整为婉曲流动，显得婀娜多姿。《金壶记》称"阳冰尤精书学，豪骏墨劲，当时人谓曰笔虎。"张旭的笔法也曾得到李阳冰的传授。暮年所篆，笔法愈见淳劲。自称:" 斯翁(李斯)之后， 直至小生。曹喜、蔡邕不足道也。"康有为《广艺舟双辑》称其为:"以瘦劲取胜，若《谦卦铭》，益形怯薄，破坏古法极矣。"

当时颜真卿所书之碑，必请李阳冰用篆书题额，可见其篆书影响的深远。大诗人李白有诗云:"吾家有季父，杰出圣代英"、"落笔洒篆文，崩云使人惊"，说明李阳冰的篆书确实取得了较大的成就。清代孙承泽在《庚子消夏记》中也称，篆自秦汉而后，推李阳冰为第一手，可见对其评价之高。

 关于李阳冰的身世，新旧唐书无传，其他史料也没有准确记载，现在见诸报刊和网络的论述多出自书法理论著作，但多语焉不详，以致其身份之说五花八门，同时也矛盾重重。

1、唐书法评论家窦皋《述书赋》下:通家世业，赵郡李君。峄山并鹜，宣父同群。洞于字学，古今通文。家传孝义，意感风云。(李阳冰，赵郡人，父雍门湖城令，家世住云阳，承白门作尉。冰兄弟五人，皆负词学，工于小篆，初师李斯《峄山碑》，后见仲尼《吴季札墓志》，便变化开阖，如虎如龙，劲利豪爽，风行雨集，文字之本，悉在心胸，识者谓之苍颉后身。澥子腾，冰子腾，并词场高第。幼子曰广，勤学孝义，以通家之故，皆同子弟也。)

2、李阳冰，唐朝书法家，初任当涂县令，其次子李援居缙云，后无传。

3、李阳冰，字少温，广汉人，宝应初为当涂令，李白来依之，赠诗云:华(宰)邑艰难时，浮云空古城。居人若薙草，扫地无纤茎。惠泽及飞走，农夫尽归耕。广汉水万里，长流玉琴声。雅颂播吴越，还如泰阶平。【李白诗集】

4、李阳冰，(生卒年不详)，唐代文字学家、书法家。字少温，赵郡(治今河北赵县)人。为李白祖叔。曾为缙云令、当涂令。历集贤院学士，晚为少监，人称李监。

5、明袁中道《游居柿录》卷三:"李阳冰，即李潮子，子美甥。"

6、元人吾丘衍曾提出李阳冰即李潮的观点，他在《学古编》中称:"阳冰名潮，杜甫甥也，后以字行，因以为名，而别字少温。木玄虚《海赋》有云:'其下阳冰不治，阴火潜然，则知与潮，又且有理'。"(吾丘衍《学古篇》，《历代印学论文选》第20页，西冷印社出版社，1999年8月第二版)清人刘熙载在其《艺概》中亦支持此说，并从李阳冰兄弟的名、字及李阳冰和李潮作品传世的情况等方面提出支持意见。(刘熙载《艺概》，《历代书法论文选》第699页，上海书画出版社，1979年10月第一版)他们这种观点虽得到一些人的认可，但大多数人是不认同这种提法的，清顾炎武即对此进行了详尽的反驳:"阳冰赵郡人，太白族叔，其字少温，见于《宣和书谱》，与其名相应。若为潮，而以阳冰、少温为字，于义旨无取。阳冰工篆书，潮工八分，观赵氏《金石录》载《城隍神祠记》、《忘归台铭》、《孔子庙记》、《先茔碑》、《三坟记》等为李阳冰篆书而《慧义寺弥勒像碑》、《彭元曜墓志》为李潮书，则非一人明矣。" (顾炎武《金石文字记》)。朱关田先生为此还专门著《李阳冰、李潮小议》进行了详细论辨，重新确立李阳冰和李潮不是同一个人的事实。(朱关田《唐代书法考评》第193-196页，浙江人民美术出版社，1992年2月第一版)

7、按《北史·李灵附曾孙元忠传》记载，李显甫开李鱼川时似乎是举族南迁，实际情况却远非如此。为便于说明问题，先据《魏书》卷49《李灵传》、《北齐书》卷22《李元忠传》、《北齐书》卷22《李义深传》、《北齐书》卷29《李浑传》、《北齐书》卷43《李秩廉传》、《北史》卷33《李孝伯传》、《北齐书》卷48《外戚传》、《隋书》卷77《李士谦传》等，将赵郡李楷一支部分后裔世系列表于下:

又据《赵郡李氏世系》之李騊駼至李阳冰世系为:騊駼子政藻、政起、政期，政藻子行敦，行敦子怀一，怀一子雍门，雍门子阳冰。可以看出，李阳冰的五世祖是李騊駼而非李善权。此表又有"南祖之后有善权，后魏谯郡太守，徙居谯。生延观，徐梁二州刺史，生续。"续子显达，显达子迁，迁子孝卿，孝卿子敬玄，敬玄子思冲、守一。从这里可以看出，李善权的五世孙是李孝卿而非李阳冰。 可见，"李阳冰五世祖李善权为后魏谯郡太守"毫无根据。

8、李阳冰，字仲温，赵郡人。

9、李阳冰﹙721-785﹚本名李潮，字阳冰、少温。赵郡(今河北邯郸)人，祖上官袭云阳﹙今陕西淳化﹚随迁，遂为云阳人。李阳冰出身望族，族中为官者尽多。他是左相李适之与工部侍郎李适的侄子、李白族叔、杜甫外甥。父雍门(一为问)，湖城令。三子李潮，字阳冰，少温，仕途坎坷，几经跌宕沉浮，曾任江宁、缙云、当涂三地县令，二次隐居缙云。

10、《四川通志》卷八:唐李阳冰【合州人，开元中为当涂令，有政绩。宗人李白常往依之。善篆书，州治景厚堂有所书，"积善之家必有余庆"八字石刻尚存】

11、古诗文网:李阳冰(生卒年不详)，唐代文字学家、书法家。字少温，谯郡(治今安徽亳州)人，祖籍赵郡(治今河北赵县)。李阳冰五世祖李善权为后魏谯郡太守，将家徙至谯郡(治今安徽亳州)，于是在安徽亳州一带有了赵郡李氏的后裔。 但这与赵郡李氏世系和《新唐书》"宰相世系表"相矛盾，李善权七世孙李敬玄生于615年 ，不可能到唐玄宗开元年间(713-741)还有李阳冰这个五世孙，且宰相世系表中"阳冰，将作少监"根本就不在"(南祖之后有)善权"名下。

12、范震威多年缜密研究，细心考证，撰写出李白研究新著，近日由黑龙江人民出版社以《李白的身世、婚姻与家庭》为名出版。这部书共以七章的篇幅深入而广泛地研究了李白的家世和人生，对诗人的身境、心境及当时的社会环境，都进行了深入的探讨。在李白研究中，他大胆地打通了文学与史学之间的壁垒，开辟了李白研究的新思路。他据《史记》、《汉书》、《旧唐书》、《新唐书》等正史制成的《李氏族谱辑略表》，上溯几十代，以确凿的证据，考证出年龄小于李白的当涂令李阳冰是李白的从叔，李阳冰是兴圣皇帝、凉武昭王李暠的八世孙，从而反证出李白为兴圣皇帝的九世孙。匡正了郭沫若先生二十世纪七十年代在《李白与杜甫》一书中所说的李白对人的称呼"自相矛盾，毫无定准"，"不外是以势利眼光在看人说话"，所谓"李九世孙之说，看来是李白本人或其先人所捏造，目的就是抬高自己的门第"。"李真低李暠一辈，论李白与李阳冰同辈。他李白却称李阳冰为'从叔'，把自己降低了一辈"等谬说。

13、历代书法名家称:李阳冰，约生于开元九、十年(721-722)、卒于贞元初年(785-787)，字少温，原籍赵郡(今河北赵县)，后徒居云阳(今陕西泾阳)，遂为京兆人。

14、吴越的长篇历史小说《括苍山恩仇记》载:李阳冰--唐赵州人，祖籍陇西成纪( 今甘肃天水 )，字少温，乾元元年(唐肃宗李亨年号，公元758 年)出任缙云县县令，后迁当涂县令，是李白的从叔，也是李白诗集的第一个编纂者，篆书与李斯齐名，缙云县境有其摩崖石刻多处。

15、在五胡乱华时，出了陇西李氏第一个君主:李暠。当西凉被北凉灭后，其主要著名的后代分为两支:一支是西凉后主李歆之后，后来在北朝，柱国大将军李虎被封唐国公，也就是李渊的祖父。另一支是他弟弟李翻之子李宝，逃往北魏，后来成为北魏灭北凉的功臣。其后人李充这一支被称为唐皇族的武阳房。(唐朝史官为李渊的祖先做的考据，称之为"四公子房")。武阳房的后代中，最有名的，就是大诗人李白和大书法家李阳冰。

16、余绍宋的《书画书录解题》称李阳冰为"蜀之昌明人"。

17、书问网:《三坟记》，唐李季卿撰文，李阳冰(李季卿之子)书。

 Paul Mauriat's History

Li Yangbing, a Tang Dynasty writer and calligrapher, was born and died in an unknown year. Words less temperature, Zhongwen, Xuejun (today's Bozhou, Anhui) people, say Hezhou (today's Hechuan, Chongqing) people (see "Unity Records"). Li Shanquan, the fifth ancestor of Li Yangbing, was a Taishou County in the late Wei Dynasty. He migrated his family to the county (Bozhou, Anhui Province today). Therefore, he had the descendants of Li family in Bozhou, Anhui Province. Uncle Li Bai.

During the reign of Emperor Suzong Qianyuan (758-759), he served as Jinyun County magistrate. In the second year of Shangyuan (761), he moved to Dangtu County, with achievements.

At the beginning of Dai Zong's Great Calendar (766), he was appointed Bachelor of Jixian Academy. In the early years of the middle school (780), the leader of the country, the official will be a minor prisoner.

Character Relations

Dealing with Li Bai

Ancient books record: "Baoying's first year, for the Dangdu Ling, Bai Zhiyi, once Bai Xu's poetry collection. Li Jixian Academy Bachelor, late as a juvenile prisoner, known as Li Jian. "

In the second year of Tang and Shangyuan (761), Li Bai in his later years came to Dangtu from Jinling (now Nanjing) and went to Dangtu from Shu Li Yangbing. At first, Li Yangbing did not know Li Bai's predicament and intention. When Li Yangbing sent Li Bai on board the ship to say goodbye, he saw Li Bai's poem "Dedicate to Uncle Dang and Tu Zai Yang Bing", and then he was saved. First of all, the poem praises Li Yangbing's talent, saying: "My family has Ji Father, outstanding Sheng Daiying, although there are no three tables, do not borrow four great names. Enthusiasm, the ultimate dragon and tiger essence. Weak-crowned Yan Zhaolai, Xianyan welcomes more. Lu Lian is good at talking and laughing. "He believed that Li Yangbing was an outstanding person and was respected and appreciated by the wise men in his hometown from an early age. Many wise men were willing to associate with him, saying that he was neither dependent on dignity nor heroic. Then he praised and appraised Li Yangbing's achievements in the local government in his poems. Said, "When the slaughter is difficult, the ancient city is empty of clouds. If a man shaves grass, he sweeps the floor without a slender stem. Huize flew away and the farmer returned to farming. Guanghan River is ten thousand miles long, and the sound of Yuqin is long. Yasong broadcasts Wu and Yue, just like Tai Tiaoping. "He believed that Li Yangbing came to Dangtu after the Anshi Rebellion, and was ordered to deal with the situation in danger. He was well-governed and well-run, with outstanding achievements. Finally, in the poem, he stated his difficult situation of no return and said, "The boy is not in Jinling, but comes to Baixia Pavilion. A group of Phoenixes pity the visitors, and the pools mourn each other. Each pulls out five-coloured wool, meaning heavy Taishan light. It costs a lot to give away micronutrients and water long whales. Sword-playing sings bitter and cold, before the severe wind blows. Moon Title Tianmen Xiao, frost Niuzhuqing. Long sigh is the way back, Linchuan empty screen camp. "From the poem, it can be seen that Li Bai clearly visited Yangbing from Jinling in winter, because Jinling could not live on the help of friends, so he came to visit Yangbing. Li Yangbing, however, was magnificent and helpful, and treated his friends with benevolence, so that Li Bai finally had a place of shelter and destination in his later years.

After living in Dangtu, Li Bai and Li Yangbing met each other in the county office and in the mountains, and there were frequent gatherings. He saw Li Yangbing at that time, who was "singing loudly and stirring up trees, laughing loudly and thundering". Writing and writing seal letters make people astonished when clouds break down. The speech was brilliant and colorful. Xiuju Man Jiangguo, Gaocai Tiantian. "Saying that Yang Bing has not only unique calligraphy, but also beautiful poems and prose. In order to express his admiration for Li Yangbing, he also wrote a special article for Li Yangbing, "Painting Praise of Dangtu Li Zaizhuan", praising Yun: "The essence of heaven hangs down, the essence of Yue Jiangjie. A man of great virtue is born when his life is due. Tuqi offered advice and listened to Wang Ting. Emperor Xiuzhi, Yangguang Taiqing. A hundred miles from the beginning, eight miles from the end. Jinyun flying sound, when Tu Zhengcheng. Once Yasong changes, Jiangshan will be glorious again. Juyi Dance, Danqing Style. Meixiu Huagai, Mulang Star, Hejiao Phoenix, Linteng Yujing, if the sun and the moon are uncovered, Zhaoran. Poor God elucidates the process of eternity. "This praise not only expresses Li Bai's great admiration for Li Yangbing, but also regrets that Li Yangbing, a person with strategy, courage and political achievements, can not show great skill and exert his ambition under the circumstances of national turmoil and declining morality.

In November of the first year of Zongbaoying in Tang Dynasty (762), Li Bai was not ill. In the hospital bed, Li Yangbing handed over his draft poems and prose, and asked him to edit the preface. Later, Li Yangbing compiled his poems and essays into ten volumes of Cao Tang Ji and wrote Preface for it. In Preface, Yang Bing said that he was "in a hurry to hang a crown, with tens of thousands of volumes of drafts and uncorrected manuscripts, which should be prefaced". This means that Li Yangbing compiled a collection for Li Bai and wrote a preface when he was about to leave office. In his preface, he not only gives a brief account of Li Bai's family, life, thoughts, personality, friendship and so on, but also gives a high appraisal of Li Bai's writings and achievements in poetry and prose. He called Li Bai "a solitary man in a thousand years" and "a mere man in a mere article, which has been combined in six ways, can be said to be the enemy's creation."

Character Achievements

Yang Bingshan's Ci Chapter, "Xiuju Manjiang Garden"; Gongzhuan Shu, "The Skill of Writing Wonderful World". The commentator praised his calligraphy with the words of "insect-eaten birds, popular rain, Tai'a Longquan, lofty Huayue, and precipitous". He called it "Three Hundred Years of Tang Dynasty, the person named by seal, is the only one who can walk alone. "

There are many stone carvings written by Li Yangbing. Among them are the records of Town God's Temple in Jinyun of Zhejiang, the book of praise in the Fuzhou's Wushi mountain, the Shun Temple Monument in Guangxi's Guilin, the Yi Ting Ming in Hubei Wuchang, and the tablet of Yan Zhen Zhen temple in Shaanxi Xi'an. In particular, the Qiangua Stele on the campus of No. 12 Middle School in Wuhu, Anhui Province, was inscribed in stone by Li Yangbing at the request of his friends during his tenure as a county decree. This tablet is seal book, with sharp momentum, strong wind and strong brushwork. In the Tang Dynasty, people were scattered. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Wang clan of Wuhu was acquired in Dangtu City and transferred the tablet to the secret house of Wuhu. In the fourth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1525), Zhang Dayong, supervisor of Wuhu Guan, moved from Wang's family to a scholar and wrote a postscript on it: "Qin Xiangsi, the ancestor of Yangbing Seal Letters, has passed his brushwork, and Shuyuan's opinions are detailed. It is the Wang clan of Wuhu carved in Tibet. It was acquired in the early days of the country by Dangtu County. It is elegant and vigorous in style and spirit, with outstanding and ancient meaning. Unfortunately, the inscription "Stele Stone" was destroyed in the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, while "Qianhexagram Stele" still exists today.

Folding Representative Works

The Three Tombs, inscribed in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (767). Written by Li Jiqing, Li Yangbing's book. The Three Tombs is Li Yangbing's masterpiece. In seal books of the Tang Dynasty,

Li Yangbing is the highest achiever. It is called "wire drawing". "Three Tombs Tablet" is based on Li Si's Jade Tendon Brushwork of "Mount Fushan Tablet". It wins with thin strength, slender body, vigorous and smooth lines. The brushwork is thick and thin from beginning to end, smooth and clean, graceful and elegant.

Sun Chengze-yun of the Qing Dynasty said: "Seal scripts have been pushed by Li Yangbing since the Qin and Han Dynasties. Looking at "The Three Tombs" today, it is not easy to get the life style of writing and the moment of Fasensensen. However, after Lu Xuanwei's painting of Jinteng Tu, Yu saw Yang Bing's handwriting, which was full of vigor and elegance, and was beyond the reach of stone carvings. "Qing Kang Youwei believes that"Three Tombs"wins by"leanness". Mr. Wang Nanming, a contemporary calligrapher, once wrote a commentary on Li Yangbing's small seal: "The lines, like the swaying willows or the stretching rolls of clouds, are filled with a Lyric atmosphere, representing the literary style of the revival of small seal calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty. "The three grave inscriptions", "Town God's Temple tablet", "modest hexagram inscription", "Yi Ting Ming", "the book of praise and the epitaph of Wu Jizha" are all the later versions.

Folding Stone Carving Calligraphy

Li Yangbing likes to carve stone, and Yan Zhenqing's inscriptions invite him to seal his forehead. His famous books include "three grave inscriptions", "yetting inscription in parallel", "Town God's Temple tablet", "Yi Qian hexagram", "slipper new post" and so on. Among them, the writing style of Yi Qian Gua is especially thin and vigorous. Wang Shu of the Qing Dynasty called it "Zhuyun Tieba": "The brush is like silkworm spinning silk, the bone is like cotton wrapped in iron. "

Artistic Achievements

Li Yangbing's Poetry Collection of Cao Tang is the preface. Li Yangbing was famous for seal Science in Tang Dynasty. He was a refined little seal, round and thin, which changed the seal of Qin Dynasty greatly.

Ge, known as the first person of Li Si's later Xiaozhuan, has a great influence on later generations. Since the Qin Dynasty and Lisi's sorting out and standardizing Xiaozhuan, over a thousand years have passed from the Han, Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties. The scholars of books have only attacked the real grass, while the study of seal scripts has been abandoned. Li Yangbing sighed and said, "Heaven is not lost, so the purpose of the boy to get seal. "Li Yangbing once published 20 volumes of Shuowen Jiezi written by Xushen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but greatly changed the seal law and interpretation of the original book. Since then, Xu Shen's origin has gradually disappeared, while Li's publication is prevalent. Until the early Song Dynasty, Xu Kai revised Shuowen Jiezi and sorted out the contents of the original book, which restored Xu's original appearance.

Li Yangbing took seal book as his duty, began to learn Li Si's "Mount Yishan Stele" and inherited Yujin's brushwork, but changed his style in body posture. The lines become smooth and graceful. "Golden Pot Record" said, "Yang Bing is especially good at calligraphy, heroic and vigorous ink, then people called the pen tiger. "Zhang Xu's brushwork was also taught by Li Yangbing. In his old age, his writing style became more and more pure and vigorous. Self-proclaimed: "After Sion (Liss), until Xiaosheng. Cao Xi and Cai Yong are insignificant. "Kang Youwei's Guangyizhou Double Collection" calls it: "Winning with thin strength, if the"Qian Gua Ming", it will become more timid and destroy the ancient law. "

At that time, Yan Zhenqing's inscriptions on the tablets were bound to ask Li Yangbing to use the inscriptions of seal scripts, which shows the far-reaching influence of his seal scripts. Li Bai, a great poet, wrote poems like "My family has Ji Father, an outstanding Sheng Daiying" and "The writing and writing of seal scripts are amazing, which shows that Li Yangbing's seal scripts have indeed made great achievements. Sun Chengze in the Qing Dynasty in the "Gengzi Xiaoxia Ji" also known as the seal since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Li Yangbing as the first hand, we can see its high evaluation.

Life experience dispute

As for Li Yangbing's life, there are no biographies of old and new Tang Dynasty books, and other historical materials are not accurately recorded. Nowadays, most of the discussions in newspapers and websites come from the theoretical works of calligraphy, but they are not detailed in many languages, so that their identities are varied and contradictory at the same time.

1. Tang Calligraphy Critic Dou Gao's "Shu Shu Fu": Tong Jia Shiye, Li Jun, Zhao County. Fushan side by side, Xuanfu in the same group. Hole in the study of Chinese characters, ancient and modern general prose. Family filial piety, sense of wind and cloud. (Li Yangbing, a native of Zhaojun County, father Yongmen Lake City Order, family background in Yunyang, Chengbaimen as a lieutenant. Bing Brothers, all five of whom are negative in Ci studies, worked in Xiaozhuan, first teacher Li Si's "Mount Fushan Stele" and later saw Zhongni's "Wu Jizha Epitaph", then changed and opened up, such as tiger like dragon, vigorous and bold, popular rain collection, the text of the book, carefully in mind, who knows is called the back of Cangjie. Liziteng, Bingziteng, and Ci field is the highest. The younger son said that he was broad, diligent in learning filial piety and righteousness, so that he could have a family together with his younger children. )

2. Li Yangbing, a Tang Dynasty calligrapher, was first appointed as Dangtu County Order, followed by his son Li Yuju Jinyun, which was not handed down later.

3. Li Yangbing, the word less warm, Guanghan people, Baoying was initially when Tuling, according to Li Bailai, presented poetry cloud: Huayi difficult, floating clouds empty ancient city. If a man shaves grass, he sweeps the floor without a slender stem. Huize flew away and the farmer returned to farming. Guanghan River is ten thousand miles long, and the sound of Yuqin is long. Yasong broadcasts Wu and Yue, just like Tai Tianping. [Li Bai's Poetry Collection]

4. Li Yangbing, a philologist and calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty. Words Shaowen, Zhao County (Zhijin Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province) people. For Uncle Li Baizu. It was Jinyun Ling and Tu Ling. Li Jixian Academy Bachelor, late as a juvenile prisoner, known as Li Jian.

5. Volume 3 of Yuan Zhongdao's Traveling Persimmon Records in Ming Dynasty: "Li Yangbing, Li Chaozi, Son Mei Nephew. "

6. Wuqiu Yan of Yuan Dynasty once put forward the view that Li Yangbing is Li Chao. He said in Xue Gu Bian: "Yangbing is famous for its tide, and Du Fu is nephew. Later, he took the words and lines as his name, but the other words were not warm enough. There are clouds in Muxuan Xuxu's Haifu:'If the ice in the sun is not cured, the fire in the clouds is latent, then the tide is known and reasonable'. "(Wuqiuyan's Ancient Learning Papers, Selected Printing Papers of Successive Dynasties, page 20, Xileng Printing Press, August 1999, 2nd edition) Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, also supported this statement in his Yixue, and put forward his support opinions from the names and characters of Li Yangbing brothers and the handing down of Li Yangbing and Li Chao's works. (Liu Xizai's Yixue, Selected Articles of Calligraphy in Past Dynasties, P. 699, Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Publishing House, October 1979, first edition) Although their views have been recognized by some people, most people do not agree with this formulation. Looking at Yanwu, they refute it in detail: "Yangbing Zhaojun people, Taibai uncle, their words are less warm, Seen in Xuanhe Shupu, corresponding to its name. If it is the tide, and the word "Yang Bing" and "Shao Wen" are the words, it is not desirable in the purpose. Yang Binggong Seal Book and Chao Gong 8 points. Looking at Zhao's Jinshilu, it is not only Li Chao's book but also Huiyi Temple Maitreya Stele and Peng Yuanqi's Epitaph. Gu Yanwu's Epigraphic Records. Mr. Zhu Guantian has also made a detailed argument in his special book "A Brief Comment on Li Yangbing and Li Chao", re-establishing the fact that Li Yangbing and Li Chao are not the same person. (Zhu Guantian, Review of Calligraphy in Tang Dynasty, PP. 193-196, Zhejiang People's Fine Arts Publishing House, February 1992, first edition)

7. According to the records of the Biography of the Great Sun Yuanzhong in the Northern History of Li Lingfu, when Li Xianfu opened Li Yuchuan, it seemed that the whole clan moved southward, but the actual situation was far from that. In order to illustrate the problem, it is based on Wei Shu Volume 49, Li Lingzhuan, Beiqi Shu Volume 22, Li Yuanzhong Biography, Beiqi Shu Volume 22, Li Yishen Biography, Beiqi Shu Volume 29, Li Hun Biography, Beiqi Shu Volume 43, Li Qilian Biography, Beiji Volume 33, Li Xiaobo Biography, Beiqi Shu Volume 48, Waiqi Biography. "Sui Shu" volume 77 "Biography of Li Shiqian" and so on, which lists a part of the descendants of Li Kai in Zhaojun as follows:

According to the Li Qian-Bing lineage in Zhaojun Li's lineage, the lineage of Li Qian-Bing is: Zhengzao, Zhengqi and Zhengzhou, Zhengzao Xingdun, Dunzi Huaiyi, Yongmen Yangbing. It can be seen that Li Yangbing's fifth ancestor was Li Qian-bian rather than Li Shanquan. This table also states that "after the Southern Ancestor, there was good power, and after the Wei Dynasty, Taishou Prefecture lived in immigration." Sheng Yanguan, the history of Xuliang and Erzhou, Sheng Xuan. "Successor Xianda, Xianda Ziqian, Xiaoqing Shizi, Xiaoqing Zi Jingxuan, Xuanzi Jingxuan thought, Shouyi. From this we can see that Li Shanquan's fifth grandson is Li Xiaoqing, not Li Yangbing. It can be seen that "Li Shanquan, the fifth ancestor of Li Yangbing, was the Taishou County of the later Wei Dynasty" has no basis.

8. Li Yangbing, Zhongwen, from Zhaojun.

9. Li Yangbing (721-785) is originally named Li Chao, with the word "Yang Bing" and "less temperature". Zhaojun (now Handan, Hebei Province) was born in Yunyang when his ancestor attacked Yunyang (now Chunhua, Shaanxi Province) and moved with him. Li Yangbing was born of a distinguished clan, and there were many officials in the clan. He is the nephew of Li Shizhi, the left-wing minister, and Li Shi, the Ministry waiter, Li Bai's uncle and Du Fu's nephew. Father Yongmen (first question), Hucheng order. Li Chao, the three sons, had been appointed by the county decrees of Jiangning, Jinyun and Dangtu, and lived in seclusion for the second time.

10. Sichuan Tongzhi Volume 8: Li Yangbing of Tang Dynasty [Hezhou people, Kaiyuan Dynasty as Tuling, with political achievements. Li Bai, the ancestor, always followed suit. Good seal script, Jing Hou Tang of Zhou Zhi has some books, and the eight-character stone carvings of "Yu Qing" must exist in the house of accumulating good deeds.

11. Ancient Poetry Network: Li Yangbing, a philologist and calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty. Words less temperature, Xuejun (today's Bozhou, Anhui) people, ancestral Zhaojun (today's Zhaoxian, Hebei). Li Shanquan, the fifth ancestor of Li Yangbing, was a Taishou County in the late Wei Dynasty. He migrated his family to the county (Bozhou, Anhui Province today). Therefore, he had the descendants of Li family in Bozhou, Anhui Province. However, this is in contradiction with Li's lineage in Zhaojun County and the "Premier's lineage table" in the New Tang Book. Li Jingxuan, the seventh Sun of Li Shanquan, was born in 615. It is impossible to reach the fifth Sun of Tang Xuanzong in the first year of Kaiyuan (713-741), and the "Yang Bing, who will be a minor supervisor" in the lineage table of the prime minister is not under the name of "good power" (after Nanzu).

12. Fan Zhenwei has studied and studied Li Bai carefully for many years. He has written a new research work on Li Bai. Recently, it was published by Heilongjiang People's Publishing House under the name of "Li Bai's Life, Marriage and Family". This book has seven chapters in depth and extensively studied Li Bai's family and life, and discussed the poet's state of mind, mood and social environment at that time. In Li Bai's research, he boldly broke through the barrier between literature and history, and opened up a new way of thinking for Li Bai's research. He traced back several decades to the edition table of Li clan genealogy, which was made according to the official history of Shiji, Han Shu, Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu, to prove that Li Yangbing, who was younger than Li Bai, was Li Bai's slave uncle and Li Yangbing was the eighth grandson of Xingsheng Emperor and Liang Wuzhao King. Li Bai was the ninth grandson of the Xingsheng Emperor. In the 1970s, Mr. Guo Moruo corrected Li Bai's title of "self-contradictory and uncertain" in his book "Li Bai and Du Fu". It was just a snobbish look at people talking. The so-called "Li Jiushen Sun's statement seems to have been fabricated by Li Bai himself or his predecessors in order to elevate his family rank". "Li Zhenxiao Li Xin's generation, on Li Bai and Li Yangbing's peers. However, Li Bai called Li Yangbing'Congshu'and reduced himself to a generation.

13. The famous calligraphers of past dynasties said that Li Yangbing was born in Kaiyuan 9, 10 years (721-722) and died in the early years of Zhenyuan (785-787). He was born in Zhaojun County (now Zhaoxian County in Hebei Province) and later lived in Yunyang (now Jingyang in Shaanxi Province) and became a Beijing Zhaoren.

14. Wu Yue's long historical novel Enqiu Ji of Kuo Cangshan contains: Li Yangbing, a native of Zhaozhou in Tang Dynasty, was born in Chengji of Longxi (now Tianshui of Gansu Province), with few words. In the first year of Qian Dynasty (Tang Suzong, Li Hengnian, 758 A.D.), he became the county decree of Jinyun County, and later moved to the county decree of Tu County. He was Li Bai's slave uncle and the first compiler of Li Bai's poetry collection. Seal books are as famous as Li Si. There are many cliff stone carvings in Jinyun County.

15. During the period of Wuchaohua, the first emperor of the Li family in Longxi was Li Fang. When Xiliang was destroyed by Beiliang, its main famous descendants were divided into two branches: one was after Li Xin, the emperor of Xiliang, and later in the Northern Dynasty, Li Hu, the general of Zhuguo, was conferred the title of Tang Gong, that is, Li Yuan's grandfather. The other was Li Bao, son of his brother Li Fan, who fled to the Northern Wei Dynasty and later became a hero of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Subsequently, Li Chong, a Wuyang house known as the Tang imperial clan, was built. (Tang Dynasty historians for Li Yuan's ancestors to do textual research, known as the "four male ovaries". Among the descendants of Wuyang Fang, the most famous one is the great poet Li Bai and the great calligrapher Li Yangbing.

16. Yu Shao-song's Solution of Painting and Calligraphy Calligraphy Calls Li Yangbing "the Changming Man of Shu".

17. Book Question: The Story of Three Graves, written by Li Jiqing of Tang Dynasty, and written by Li Yangbing (son of Li Jiqing).