结构素描的起源相对较晚，它不同于传统素描概念早在西方文艺复兴时期就已经基本确立，而是直到1919年德国包豪斯学校开创了结构素描教学，结构素描的理念才正式提出来，并且在教学的实践中日益显现出它的开拓性和重要性。但是这种素描方式，或者说是理解方式，引入我国已是上个世纪80年代，直到90年代才真正开始深入到学院素描的教学体系之中。

由于结构素描是以理解、剖析结构为最终目的，因此简洁明了的线条是它通常采用的主要表现手段。结构素描画面上的空间实际上是对三维空间意识的理解，所以结构描要求画者具备很强的三维空间的想象能力。而关于三维空间的想象和把握，在很大程度上取决于思维的推理。结构素描要求把客观对象想象成透明体，把物体自身的前与后、外与里的结构表达出来，这实际上就是在训练我们对三维空间的想象力和把握能力。在形象的细节表现方面，结构素描所要表现的是对象的结构关系，要说明形体是什么构成形态，它的局部或部件是通过什么方式组合成一个整体的，为了在画面上说明这个基本问题，就要排除某些细节的表现。结构素描关心的是对象最本质的特征，这些本质特征要从具体的现实的形体中提炼和概括出来。
 结构素描是设计教学中的一门重要课程，是培养学生造型能力和设计思维能力的基础。 学习结构素描对于初学者来说，关键在于理解对象的结构，画准对象的造型。

作为刚刚才学习绘画的同学，观察方法的训练与观察习惯的养成非常重要，那么结构素描究竟有什么特点呢？首先，我觉得是在观察方法上。
 结构素描是以研究对象本身的结构为中心的，它不受环境自然光线的直接影响。所以在观察对象时，可以不管光线在物象上产生的明暗投影，而把主要精力放在物象的结构本身上，一个物体支撑他的框架是什么，找到框架就找到了结构了，不仅看清楚的地方要研究分析，看不清的地方也要研究分析。这样，就要求我们在观察对象时，要面面观前后左右都要看，而不是将眼光一开始就停留在某一角度，例如我们在画物体时，物体的长宽比例、大小比例、前后的透视关系比较，每个物体的高低比较和大面小面之间的比较，这些都是我们在观察时分析研究的对象。整体观察、整体比较、再整体去画，一下笔就要分清主次和前后关系。要把握主动权。在写生的过程中，迅速准确地抓住大的主要结构，抛弃那些小的起伏。使画面达到强烈、准确、生动的效果。这些都来自于对物体的仔细观察和研究。

 我们研究结构素描不是目的，只是一种手段，结构素描不是将物象都画成几何形的堆砌，我们通过结构分析，是为了更清楚理解对象，做到心中有数，以便更好的去表现对象，作为学设计的人，重要的还是表现物体、理解物体，而对结构形体的理解与表现，可以帮助我们完美的完成设计构思。
 结构素描以线为主，准确、有力、优美的线条，可以让画面充满生命力，丰富人们的视觉效果，那么线条是如何处理的呢？
—、用长直线，抓大的感觉
我们大多数是画几何体和静物，这些物体较为简单，外轮廓大多以长直线为主。抓住物体的整体感觉，再用长直线去体现物体的长宽比例，大小比例和前后关系等，使画面整体。
二、找点
我们通常叫做“抓两头、带中间”，因为点一般都处在始端与末端，点如果找的准确，形体也就抓住了，再这里，点包含的因素是：形体转折开始的地方与形体转折结束的地方。如：球体，球体当中，有无数个转折，也有无数的点，那么如何找到点呢？我们只能根据物体最高的转折点与最低的转折点来找，这样画球体就简单了，如果我们能准确理解点的位置，再复杂的物体都变的简单了。
三、线条的穿插
在基本点找到之后，变是用线条连接各点，使形体明确起来，我们所说的线条不是死板的线条。而是相互穿插，有出来的地方，也有回去的地方。也就是我们长说的“来龙去脉”，线条的穿插，必须符合其形体结构的规律，否则就容易产生该后面去的翻到前面来了，该前面去的却翻到后面去了。形成这种透视关系的原因，不是因为前面的没强调，后面的没虚，而是线条穿插不对，所以要分清线条的前后关系、虚实关系和空间关系。
四、线条的表现
线条是结构素描中最主要的艺术语言和表达方式，无论在塑造形体、表现体积和空间方面，还是表达情感方面，都显得十分明确。富有表现力和概括力。在开始学习时，首先要加强线条的熟练程度，要做大量的线条练习。提高线条质量，也就是说达到熟能生巧，“巧”线条才有质量，线条的质量是肯定有力轻松自如有松有紧，有虚有实有粗有细有深有浅，随着形体的变化而变化。作到变化中整体，整体中变化。这样我们的线条才富有生命力和动感。

The origin of the structure sketch of the relatively late, it is different from the traditional concept of sketch in the early Western Renaissance has been basically established, but until 1919 the German Bauhaus school pioneered the structure sketch teaching, structure sketch concept was formally put in practice and teaching has shown its importance and pioneering. However, this kind of sketch, or the way of understanding, was introduced into our country in the last century in 80s, and it was not until 90s that we began to dig into the teaching system of College sketch.
Due to the structural sketch is to understand and analyze the structure as the ultimate goal, so the line is concise and it is usually used as the main means of expression. The space of the structural sketch picture is actually the understanding of the three-dimensional space consciousness, so the structure drawing requires the painter to have a strong imagination ability in three dimensional space. On the three-dimensional space of imagination and grasp, to a large extent depends on the reasoning of thinking. The sketch of the structure requires that the objective object should be thought of as a transparent object, and the object itself is expressed in the structure of the front and back, the outer and the inner. In the details of the performance of the image, the structure sketch is to show the structure of the objects, to form what constitutes form, its local component or by what means are combined into a whole, in order to explain the basic problems in the picture, we must exclude some of the details of the performance. Structural sketch is concerned with the most essential features of the object, which should be refined and summarized from the concrete reality.
Structural sketch is one of the most important courses in design teaching, which is the basis of cultivating students' ability of modeling and designing. Learning structural sketch for beginners, the key is to understand the structure of the object, draw the shape of the object.
As a student who has just studied painting, it is very important to observe the training and observation of the habit First of all, I think it's on the way.
The structure sketch is centered on the structure of the object, and it is not affected by the natural light. So in the observation object, whether can produce light in the images of light projection, and focus on the images of the structure itself, an object supporting what is his framework, find a framework can find the structure, not only to see the place to research and analysis, can not see the place to study. So, we are required to observe objects, to face all around to see, rather than the eyes began to stay at a certain angle, for example, we draw the object, length and width ratio, the size of the object, the relationship between proportion before and after comparison, comparison between each object level and comparison these are the surface facet of the object we study at the time of the observation. Overall, the overall comparison, then the overall observation to draw a pen, to prioritize and context. To seize the initiative. In the process of sketching, grasp the main structure quickly and accurately, discard the small ups and downs. To achieve a strong, accurate and vivid effect. These come from the careful observation and study of objects.We study the structure sketch is not the purpose, is only a means, not the object structure sketch painted geometric stack, we through structural analysis, in order to more clearly understand the object, be aware of, so as to the performance of the object, as the design, the important performance object, or object to understand, the structure form of understanding and performance, can help us perfect design.
Structural sketch line based, accurate, powerful, beautiful lines, so that the screen is full of vitality, rich people's visual effects, then the line is how to deal with it?
With a long straight line, grasping the big feeling
Most of us are drawing geometry and still life, these objects are relatively simple, mostly with long straight outline. Grasp the overall feeling of the object, and then a long straight line to reflect the object's length and width ratio, size and the relationship between the front and rear, so that the overall picture.
Two, find a point
We usually called "grasping both ends, with the middle, because points are usually in the beginning and end to end point, if accurate, the form is caught, then here is: the local factors include point and body turning body turning the end of the beginning place. Such as: the ball, the ball, there are numerous twists and turns, there are countless points, then how to find it? We can only be based on the highest point of the object and the lowest turning point to find, so draw the ball is simple, if we can accurately understand the position of the point, and then the complex objects become simple.
Three, the line of interspersed
After the basic point is found, the line is used to connect the various points, so that the body clear, we say the line is not a rigid line. But interspersed with each other, there are places out there, there are places to go back. What we call "a long sequence of events, interspersed lines, must conform to the form and structure of law, otherwise it is easy to produce the back turned to the front, the front is to turn to the back of the. The reason for the formation of this perspective is not because the front did not emphasize, the latter is not empty, but the line is not interspersed, so to distinguish between the lines of the relationship, the relationship between the virtual and the real space.
Four, the performance of the line
The line is the most important artistic language and expression in the sketch of the structure, no matter in the shape of the body, the performance of the volume and space, or the expression of emotion, are very clear. Expressive and generalization. At the beginning of the study, first of all to strengthen the level of the line, to do a lot of line practice. To improve the quality of lines, that is to say to Practice makes perfect. "clever" lines, only the quality, the quality of the lines is certainly powerful easily has a tight song, does have a small rough with a shallow depth, with the shape change. This change in the overall change in the overall. So our lines are full of vitality and dynamic.