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马丁·施恩告尔Martin Schongauer

马丁·施恩告尔(1445科尔马 - 1491年2月2日布赖萨赫)曾是德国 雕刻师和画家。施恩告尔在出生约1440 科尔马,阿尔萨斯,卡斯帕施恩告尔,从金匠的四个儿子大概第三奥格斯堡谁教他的儿子雕刻艺术。

  • 中文名马丁·施恩告尔
  • 外文名Martin Schongauer
  • 性别
  • 国籍德国
  • 出生地科尔马
  • 出生日期1445
  • 逝世日期1491年2月2日
  • 职业画家
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中文介绍

施恩告尔在出生约1440 科尔马,阿尔萨斯,卡斯帕施恩告尔,从金匠的四个儿子大概第三奥格斯堡谁教他的儿子雕刻艺术。[1]科尔马现在是在法国,但当时的部分圣罗马帝国。他很可能已经由经过培训的主ES艺术史家A. 凯悦市长看到了一个雕刻的不同部分都自己的个人风格,并全部用Schongauer的中号小号†会标作品展现出充分发展的风格。科尔马成立雕刻的一个非常重要的学校施恩告尔,外面长大的“ 小主人 ”的一代人,以及一大群纽伦堡艺术家。

作为一个画家,施恩告尔是的追随者佛兰芒画家罗希尔·范德魏登,他难得的现有照片酷似,无论是在色彩和执行的精致微小,与他同时代的最佳作品的辉煌弗兰德。

只有少数他的画的生存,最显着的是他们的的麦当娜在玫瑰园,画了圣马丁教堂,科尔马。[1]该博物馆d'Unterlinden科尔马他或他的作坊,和一个拥有11板小板与歌利亚的大卫负责人在慕尼黑被归因于他。中的微型画的圣母之死在伦敦国家画廊,可能是一个学生的工作。

施恩告尔的生活的主要工作是制作了大量美丽的版画,这在很大程度上出售,不仅在德国,而且在意大利,甚至在英格兰和西班牙。瓦萨里说,米开朗基罗复制他的版画之一,在圣安东尼审判。他的风格显示没有一丝意大利的影响,而是一个非常明确的和有组织的哥特式。

他的臣民是主要的宗教,而是包括平常的生活滑稽场面,如农民家庭走向市场或两个学徒战斗。将116版画被普遍视为他的手,因为几个只能从一个单一的印象知,有可能是其他人正在失去。他的许多学生的板块,以及他自己的签署,男†S,因为有很多的副本可能是由艺术家没有连接到他。

其中最知名的施恩告尔的版画是该系列中的激情和死亡和圣母加冕,而该系列中的智慧和愚蠢的处女。一切都是显着的为他们的微型般的待遇,他们的辉煌腾达,他们的色力。有些人,如圣母之死和朝拜的贤士是许多人物,一个有风格广博得多,尽管他们的分钟刻度的处理丰富的填充物。

他建立了描绘体积的系统借助于交叉影线,将其经显影(在两个方向上线)杜勒,并且是第一个雕刻到曲线的平行线,可能是由对一个稳定旋转板刻刀。他还开发生产上盘,这意味着前的板块成为磨损更多的展示,可以采取更深入的线刻刀技术。

据亚瑟Mayger后市来看,施恩告尔是第一的德国雕刻家之一,以“超越了哥特式的设定和类型的限制”,并且他“actualises美的一个想法,在其接近的方式更绝的理想诉求,以一个更为通用欣赏“比早期雕刻,如主ES。

在大英博物馆等主要印刷客房拥有施恩告尔的版画精品收藏。

English is introduced

Schongauer was born about 1440 in Alsace, Caspar Sean kollmar, told from Seoul, who taught his son carving art Goldsmith's four sons about third of Augsburg. [1] is now in France, but then part of the Holy Rome empire. He is likely to have been trained by art historian A. ES and Hyatt mayor to see different parts of a carving of the personal style of their own, and all with Schongauer medium small Monogram works show a full development style. A very important school founded Colmar Schein carved gorlic, a generation grew up outside the "little master", and a large group of artists in Nuremberg.
As a painter, Schongauer's followers of the Flemish painter Rogier Vanderweiden, his existing rare photos of similar, both in color and perform exquisite small, best contemporary works with his brilliant.
Only a few of his paintings survive, most notably their Madonna in the rose garden, painted by the Church of the Church of Colmar, by the way of the Church of the Church of England, in which the Church of the Church of the LORD was born in the garden of the Lord, and in the end of the day, the painting of the church, the Church of the church of. The [1] Museum d'Unterlinden kollmar he or his workshop, and a 11 plate plate with Goliath David responsible person was attributed to him in Munich. The painting of the Virgin Mary's death at the National Gallery in London, may be a student's work.
The main work of Schongauer's life is made a large number of beautiful prints, the sale to a great extent, not only in Germany, but also in Italy, even in England and spain. Vasari said that Michelangelo copied one of his prints in San Antonio trial. His style shows no trace of the influence of Italy, but a very clear and organized gothic.
His subjects are the main religion, but the usual scenes of life, such as the peasant family to the market or two apprentices fighting. The 116 engravings are generally regarded as his hands, because a few can only be known from a single impression that there may be others who are losing. Many of his students and signed his own plate, the male S, because there are many copies may be made by the artist is not connected to him.
One of the most well-known Schongauer's prints are in the series of passion and death and the coronation of the virgin, and the series of wise and foolish virgins. Everything is remarkable for their miniature treatment, their brilliant Tengda, their color. Some people, such as the death of the virgin and the worship of the Magi are many characters, a style more extensive, although the filling processing scale of their rich minutes.
He established the system described by cross hatched volume, which is developed (launched in two directions) Dubled, and was the first sculpture to parallel curves, possibly by on a stable rotating plate knife. He has also developed the production of plate, which means that the wear plate to become more display, can take a more in-depth technical line knife.
According to Arthur Mayger afternoon, Schongauer was one of the first German sculptor, "beyond the limits of the Gothic setting and type" actualises ", and he's a beautiful idea, in its approach to the ideal appeal more, to a more general than the early appreciation of sculpture, such as the main ES.
With Schongauer engraving in the collections of the British Museum main printing room.

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