卡萨特出生在阿勒格尼市，宾夕法尼亚州，现在匹兹堡。2出生在一个家庭中上阶层。他的父亲罗伯特·辛普森·卡萨特（后来只卡萨特）是一个成功的股票经纪人，一个法国人雅克Cossart，谁曾在抵达后裔新阿姆斯特丹于1662年3他的母亲，凯瑟琳·凯尔索约翰斯顿，他从一个家庭的银行家。凯瑟琳，一个受过教育的读者，对他的女儿有很大的影响。Louisine Havemeyer，一个玛丽的朋友，在他的回忆录中写道：“每个人谁曾满足玛丽·卡萨特的母亲的特权立刻知道这是她的只有她谁继承了他的能力[玛丽]”。4卡萨特是一个画家的远房表兄罗伯特·亨利。5玛丽是七个孩子，其中两人死于襁褓中的一个。他的一个兄弟，亚历山大·约翰斯顿卡萨特，成了总统的宾夕法尼亚铁路。他的家人搬到不断，先是兰卡斯特，宾夕法尼亚州，再到面积费城，在那里，像往常一样，他开始了他的研究在六岁。

卡萨特在富裕的环境中旅行视为成长的教育的组成部分; 他花了五年时间在欧洲，并参观了像重要的首都伦敦，巴黎和柏林。在他们留在国外，她学会德文，法文和绘画和音乐有他的第一课。6很可能是与法国艺术家的第一次接触安格尔，德拉克洛瓦，柯罗和库尔贝在1855年该展列于世界博览会在巴黎还分别德加和毕沙罗，谁后来成为他的同事和导师。7

虽然他的家人反对他成为一名职业画家，卡萨特开始在学习绘画的艺术宾夕法尼亚学院 15年。8父母的担忧部分来自经常接触的想法出现了 ， 女权主义者，不常见期间和行为放荡不羁一些男性同行。虽然学生约20％为女性，最受瞩目的艺术作为一种社会技能; 只是其中的一些，像卡萨特，希望以使其他的职业生涯。9继续他的研究1861年至1865年，在期间美国内战。2在她的同学是托马斯·埃金斯谁以后会成为学院的一个有争议的董事。

不耐烦缓慢的学习和男子在学院的居高临下的态度，他决定以自己的学习。后来卡萨特保证“没有任何教学”的学院。学生们被禁止 ，以使它的主要培训主要是基于模具使用真人模特（直到较晚）。10

卡萨特决定获得学位前结束学业。克服了父亲的反对后，他移居巴黎在1866年与他的母亲和家人朋友作为伴侣。11由于妇女还不能参加巴黎高等美术学院，玛丽要求 ，以获得辅导与该校教师，并接受了研究让-莱昂杰罗姆，德高望重的老师，他的技术称为现实和治疗异国情调的主题。12一个几个月后杰罗姆接受，也伊肯斯。12卡萨特补充她在日常复印艺术培训卢浮宫（她获得所需的许可证，就必须要控制的“抄写员”，通常低 - 高薪女性，谁每天填补了博物馆作画副本和销售）。博物馆还担任一个社交聚会场所法国和美国学生谁，像卡萨特，不允许向参加网吧里的先锋 - 前卫的社会化。因此，是她的朋友伊丽莎白·简·加德纳相识结婚著名画家学者威廉·阿道夫·布格罗。13

对1866年年底，他加入了由教绘画课查尔斯·卓别林约书亚，艺术家流派。1868年，卡萨特师从画家托马斯时装，其主题是，大多是浪漫的城市。14在野营用于旅行到户外画出日常生活中，尤其是农民忙碌在他们的日常活动。1868年，对于在第一次，她的画，一个一个曼陀林球员，被挑选陪审团巴黎沙龙接受。随着伊丽莎白·简·加德纳，他们的工作也接受了这一年，卡萨特是前两个美国妇女在展会上展出之一。3 一个曼陀林球员是浪漫主义风格的特色工作，  柯罗  和时装， 只有两个对应的对他的工作的第一个十年的画作之一目前可以被记录在案。

法国艺术舞台是一个变化的过程。激进的艺术家，如库尔贝和马奈尝试公认的学术传统，打破和印象派在他们的成长期。伊丽莎霍尔德曼写道，“艺术家离开学院风格，每寻求新的方法，新的选择......所以一切都乱了。” 卡萨特，在其他方面，继续以传统方式工作，提交作品的大厅十余年，但增加他们的挫折感。

Cassat回到阿尔图纳，美国，在夏末1870年，趴在普法战争开始了。他的父亲继续以抗拒接受他选择了与支付其基本需要的职业，而不是她的艺术用品。玛丽设法以放置两个他的画在画廊纽约，发现许多崇拜者，但没有买家。17在夏天经常性冲突玛丽缺乏绘画学习打下; 在这段时间视为放弃卡萨特艺术，找到一份工作，就会让他来独立生活。七月1871年，他写道：“我已经放弃了我的工作室......我撕我的父亲的遗像，我没碰过画笔为期六周，直到你看到返回欧洲的可能性会这么做。我急于出门向西明年秋天，得到一份工作，我还没有决定在哪里“。

卡萨特前往芝加哥去尝试自己的运气，但他失去了一些他的作品在芝加哥大火的1871年19此后不久，他的作品引起了匹兹堡大主教，谁问的两个副本的注意柯勒乔在帕尔马，意大利，提供足以支付他们的费用 ，以旅游和金钱。兴奋中写道，“我是多么快乐地工作，我的手痒，我的眼睛水再次看到一幅好画。” 20艾米丽萨廷，是从一个良好的美国家庭的艺术家，卡萨特回到了欧洲。
 

一个他返回后几个月欧洲在了1871年秋天，情况发生了变化卡萨特。她的画两个女人抛花狂欢节期间获得一致好评，并在1872年的沙龙在帕尔马购买引起了公众的关注和支持，并通过本领域社会鼓励：“所有帕尔马在谈论卡萨特小姐和自己的形象，每个人都渴望知道的。“

在完成他在意大利的分配后，卡萨特前往马德里和塞维利亚，在那里他画根据不同的西班牙主题，包括一些作品西班牙舞者穿着蕾丝头纱（1873年，美国国家艺术馆 ， 史密森学会）。1874年，他决定最终采取了居住在法国。他定居与他的妹妹丽迪雅与她分享的公寓，并开了一家工作室巴黎。姐姐路易莎·梅·奥尔科特，阿比盖尔·梅·奥尔科特，是在巴黎那个时候学艺术的学生，不断来访的卡萨特。3那时玛丽再次批评霍尔说，他普遍存在的政策和传统风格。卡萨特在他的评论钝，根据萨廷，谁写的提供的信息：“这完全是疯了，冷落了所有现代艺术，不屑于所有已崇敬的名字Cabanel的图像。”

卡萨特画警告说，妇女往往处理工程与蔑视，除非画家对陪审团的朋友或保护者，她不会与陪审员调情讨好。23她的冷嘲热讽时长大于1875年提出的两个表中的一个是由陪审团拒绝，然而，他接受了下一年后刚刚变暗的背景。卡萨特不断地萨廷，谁想到卡萨特过于开放和自我主张 - 为中心，直到最后他们分开。当时卡萨特决定要摆脱风俗画路程，专注于问题更加时尚，以赢得订单社会名流的肖像美国国外，但企图在第一孔一点水果。

1877年提交给两幅画的大厅被拒绝和该七年来第一次没有作品展出它。在他职业生涯的这个最低点，埃德加·德加邀请展作品印象派，谁已经开始在1874年与多恶名独立表现出一群艺术家。在印象派（又称原为“独立”或“妥协”）没有提出正式的宣言和相差很大的主题和技术。他们首选到户外油漆和纯纯色调色板中的基于松散的笔触，让眼睛应用到的结果结合起来的“写意”的方式。印象派已经收获了批评者的愤怒了好几年。亨利·培根，卡萨特的朋友，以为印象派如此激进的，他们“不受任何眼病前所未有的。”当时已经有一位女性成员，画家巴馥莫利索，谁成为卡萨特的朋友和同事。

卡萨特钦佩德加，粉彩的已造成一个强烈的印象，当他看见他们在1875年的艺术画廊的窗口“以前我到去粉碎我的鼻子贴在窗户和吸收一切我所能他的艺术 ， ”他回忆说后来，“他改变了我的生活; 我看到了艺术的，我想给看“。接受了热情的邀请和德加开始准备画下一个印象派画展，预定于1878年，它（因为世界推迟后的展）举行4月10日1879年这已经是集团的一部分印象派并加入他们的事业热情，宣称：“我们是领先的殊死斗争，我们需要我们所有的力量。” 无法出席会议，网吧没有引起注意不利，他私下和展览会见。现在，她希望为商业上的成功卖画给谁优先的作品精致巴黎人前卫。他的风格过程中采取的概述，他看到的情景，她总是背着写生的习惯，这两年获得了一个新的自发性。

1877年，卡萨特在会见巴黎与她的父母，谁来到法国首都与她的妹妹利季娅对数的13大道上的Trudaine五楼共享的大型公寓的想法。玛丽看重他的公司作为无论是她还是丽迪娅结婚了。卡萨特决定婚姻将与她的职业生涯不兼容。丽迪雅，谁是经常被她的妹妹，遭受画从疾病的反复发作，严重的肾功能衰竭诊断在1877年，他于1882年死后留下卡萨特暂时无法工作。

玛丽·卡萨特坚持，尽管他的父亲的存在在研究覆盖的费用与销售，这仍然稀少。怕有完成绘画作品平平但很容易出售给入不敷出的，在创造运往下一个印象派画展优质工程施。他在1878年最重要的作品有三：肖像艺术家（个体经营 - 人像），小女孩在一个蓝色扶手椅 ， 以及阅读费加罗报（她母亲的画像）。

德加对卡萨特相当大的影响。玛丽成为了在使用柔和的色彩极为精通，表演，随着时间的推移，他的很多在这个媒介最重要的作品。德加还介绍了她的蚀刻，其中他是一个公认的大师。一时间他们一起工作和线描他的指导下获得了力量。德加表现出对他们的访问一系列版画的卢浮宫。她珍惜她的友谊，但学会了不以期望从他的，他们当时正在处理一个项目受挫后，善变和喜怒无常的大自然太多：专门杂志的雕刻，这是突然德加抛弃。优雅和精致的德加，在45岁，是宾客在卡萨特官邸欢迎晚宴之一，是欢迎他们的晚会（晚上）。

在印象派画展于1879年是迄今为止最成功的，尽管没有雷诺阿，西斯莱，莫奈和塞尚，谁被再次试图以在沙龙获得认可。经过努力卡勒波特，谁组织和资助的情况下，小组提出一个利润和销售的许多作品，虽然非议不断以往一样苛刻。香格里拉歌剧团DES德塞夫勒Mondes品牌中写道：“德加先生和小姐卡萨特，然而，分清谁是唯一的艺术家自己......他们提供了一些吸引力，在门面和婴儿涂抹的虚假的显示借口”。

卡萨特显示11作品，包括肥姐在土卫四十六，戴着珍珠项链，（在土卫四十六的女人）。尽管批评者声称，卡萨特的颜色是太亮了，她的画像太精确到拍马屁，她的工作没有像猛烈抨击莫奈，他的情况是最绝望的所有印象派的时间。卡萨特用自己的收入买一个工作德加和一个由莫奈。33参加了1880年和1881年印象派展览，并保持印象派圈子，直到1886年。在1886年，卡萨特的第一次印象派展览在美国，由保罗·杜兰德-鲁埃尔组织提供的两幅画的活跃成员。她的朋友Louisine长老Havemeyer哈利于1883年结婚，并与卡萨特作为顾问，夫妻俩开始收集印象派绘画的规模大。他们的大部分广阔的收集是目前在艺术在纽约大都会博物馆。

卡萨特确实也是如此，几个家庭肖像在此期间，包括肖像亚历山大·卡萨特和他的儿子罗伯特·凯尔索的（1885年）被认为是他最好的作品之一。卡萨特的风格从那里演变而来，并在寻找一个更简单的方法搬离印象了。他开始在纽约展出的画廊他的作品。1886年以后，卡萨特被留下来识别与任何现有技术的运动，并与试验一个多种技术。

Cassatt was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh. 2 born in a middle and upper class. His father Robert Simpson Cassatt (later Cassatt) is a successful stockbroker, a Frenchman Jacques Cossart, who had arrived in Newamsterdam in 1662 3 from his mother, Catherine Kelso Johnston, he is from a family of bankers. Catherine, an educated reader, had a great influence on his daughter. Louisine Havemeyer, a friend of Marie, wrote in his memoirs: "everyone who had met Mary Cassatt's mother's privilege to know that this is her only she who inherited his ability to [Marie] immediately". 4 Cassatt is a distant cousin of the painter Robert Henry. Marie is the 5 of seven children, of which two people died in a baby. One of his brothers, Alexander Johnston, became president of the Pennsylvania railroad in the United States of America, and became the president of the railroad. His family moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and then to the area of Philadelphia, where, as usual, he began his research at the age of six.
Cassatt travels in a wealthy environment as part of the growth of education; he spent five years in Europe, and visited the capital like London, Paris and Berlin. In their stay abroad, she learned German, French and painting and music with his first lesson. The 6 is probably the first contact with the French artist Angell, Delacroix, Coehlo and Courbet in the 1855 exhibition at the World Expo in Paris were also Degas and Pissarro, who later became his mentor and colleague. Seven
Although his family objected to his becoming a professional painter, Cassatt began studying the art of painting at the Pennsylvania Academy for 15 years. The 8 part concerns from parents often contact ideas, feminist, and behavior is not common during some male counterparts lead a fast. Although about 20% of students are female, the most watched art as a social skill; just some of them, like Cassatt, want to make other career. 9 continue his study from 1861 to 1865, during the American Civil war. 2 in her classmate is Thomas Akins who will become a controversial director of the academy.
Impatient with the slow learning and the attitude of the man in the school down, he decided to take their own learning. Later Cassatt promised "no teaching" of the college. Students are forbidden to make it the main training is mainly based on the use of mold real models (until late). Ten
Cassatt decided to get a degree before finishing school. After overcoming the opposition of his father, he moved to Paris in 1866 with his mother and family friends as partners. The 11 women also cannot attend the Academy of Fine Arts Paris college, Marie requirements, in order to obtain guidance and teachers of the school, and accepted the study of Jean Leon Jerome, his teacher of noble character and high prestige, known as the reality and treatment of exotic themes. 12 a few months after Jerome also accepted eakins. 12 Cassatt added in her daily copy of art training Le Louvre Museum (she obtained the required license, it must control the "scribe", usually low - paid women, who every day to fill the museum painting copy and sales). The museum also serves as a social gathering place for French and American students who, like Cassatt, are not allowed to participate in the Internet cafes in the vanguard of the avant-garde. So it was her friend Elizabeth Jan Gardner who met the famous painter and scholar, William Adolf Bouguerea. Thirteen
By the end of 1866, he joined the Joshua School of art by the teaching of painting by the artist, Charles Chaplin. In 1868, Cassatt studied the painter Thomas fashion, its theme is the most romantic city. 14 in the camping trip to the outdoors to draw out the daily life, especially farmers busy in their daily activities. In 1868, for the first time in her paintings, a mandolin player, was selected by a jury to accept the Paris salon. With Elizabeth Jan Gardner, their work also accepted this year, Cassatt is one of the top two American women exhibited at the show. 3 a mandolin player is romantic style, Coehlo and fashion, only two corresponding to his work in the first ten years of the painting can be documented.French art stage is a process of change. Radical artists such as Courbet and MANET attempted to recognize the academic tradition of breaking and Impressionism during their growth. Eliza Haldeman wrote, "the artist left the college style, each seeking new ways, new choices... So everything was all over the place." Cassatt, on the other hand, continues to work in the traditional way of submitting works to the hall for more than ten years, but increasing their frustration.
Cassat returned to Altoona, the United States, in the late summer of 1870, began to lie in the Franco Prussian War. His father continued to resist accepting that he chose to work with the payment of his basic needs, rather than her art supplies. Marie managed to place two of his paintings in the gallery of New York and found many admirers, but no buyers. 17 in the summer of frequent conflict Marie lack of painting to learn; at this time as to give up the art of Cassatt, to find a job, will let him live independently. In July 1871, he wrote: "I have given up my studio...... I tear my father's portrait, I didn't touch the brush for a period of six weeks, until you see the possibility of returning to Europe to do so. I am eager to go out to the west next fall, get a job, I have not decided where".
Cassatt went to Chicago to try his luck, but he lost some of his works in the Chicago fire of 1871 19 shortly thereafter, his work led to the Archbishop of Pittsburgh, Collejo who asked the two copies in Parma, Italy, to provide enough to pay for their expenses, and money to travel. Excited wrote, "I'm so happy to work, my hand, my eyes water again to see a good picture." 20 Emily Sartin, is from a good family of American artist, Cassatt returned to europe.Effect of considerable of Cassatt degas. Marie became extremely proficient in the use of pastel colors, performing, over time, many of his most important works in this medium. Degas also introduced her etching, which he is recognized as a master. For a time they work together and drawing his guidance to gain strength. Degas show them access to a series of prints of the Le Louvre museum. She cherished her friendship, but learned not to expect from him, when they are dealing with a project after the setback, and fickle nature too much subject to changing moods: specialized magazine sculpture, this is suddenly abandoned degas. The elegant and exquisite Degas, at the age of 45, is one of the guests welcome dinner at the Cassatt's residence, welcome their party (evening).
In the Impressionist exhibition in 1879 is by far the most successful, although there is no Renoir, Sisley, Monet and Cezanne, who was once again trying to gain recognition in the salon. Through the efforts of Potter Culler, who organized and funded under the condition that the group put forward many a profit and sales work, although the usual harsh criticism continued. Said the Shangri-La opera DES deux Mondes brand: "Mr. Pedja and miss Cassatt, however, tell who is the only artist...... they provided some attractive in appearance and spread false excuses baby show".
Cassatt showed 11 works, including Lydia in Titan forty-six, wearing a pearl necklace, (the Titan forty-six woman). Although critics claim that Cassatt's color is too bright, her portrait is too precise to bootlick, her work is not like bashing Monet, his condition is the most desperate all Impressionist time. Cassatt used his income to buy a work by a Monet and degas. 33 participated in the 1880 and 1881 Impressionist exhibitions, and maintained the Impressionist circle until the year of 1886. In 1886, the first Impressionist exhibition of Cassatt in the United States, the two picture Paul Durand ruel provided active members. Her friend Louisine Presbyterian Havemeyer Harry married in 1883, and with Cassatt as a consultant, the couple began to collect large scale Impressionist painting. Most of their vast collection is currently available at the New York Metropolitan Museum of art.
Cassatt is indeed the case, several family portraits during this period, including portraits of Alexander Cassatt and his son, Robert Kelso (1885) is considered one of his best works. Cassatt's style evolved from there, and was looking for a simpler way to impress. He began his work in galleries in New York. After 1886, Cassatt was left to identify with any of the existing technical movements, and with the trial of a variety of technologies.

A few months after his return to Europe in the fall of 1871, the situation has changed Cassatt. Her paintings are two women throwing flowers during the carnival was well received, and in 1872 the purchase salon in Parma has aroused public attention and support, and through the field of social encouragement: "all in Parma to talk about Miss Cassatt and her image, everyone is eager to know. "
After completing his assignment in Italy, Cassatt went to Madrid and Seville, where he painted according to different Spanish themes, including some works of Spanish dancers wearing a lace veil (in 1873, the National Museum of art, Smithson Institute). In 1874, he decided to eventually take up residence in france. He settled down with his sister Lydia to share the apartment with her and opened a studio in Paris. Sister Luisa May Alcott, Abigail May Alcott, was a student who studied art at that time in Paris, and was constantly visiting her at the time of his visit to the city of. 3 at that time, Marie again criticized Holzer, saying he had a universal policy and traditional style. Cassatt in his comments blunt, according to the information provided by Sartin, who wrote: "this is completely crazy, ignored all modern art image, disdain all revered names Cabanel."
Cassatt painting warns that women tend to deal with engineering with contempt, unless the painter to the jury of a friend or protector, she will not flirt with the jury to please. 23 her taunt time of more than two tables proposed in 1875 in a refusal by the jury, however, he accepted the next year just after dark background. Cassatt constantly Sartin, who thought Cassatt was too open and self assertion - as the center, until finally they separated. At that time, Cassatt decided to get rid of genre painting journey, focusing on the issue of more fashion, to win the order of celebrities portrait of the United States abroad, but the attempt in the first hole a little fruit.
The hall submitted to the two picture in 1877 was rejected and the first time in seven years there was no work on it. In his occupation career the most low, Edgar Pedja invited exhibition of impressionist, who had begun in 1874 with a number of independent notoriety showed a group of artists. In the Impressionist (also called originally "independent" or "compromise") no formal declaration and different themes and techniques. They preferred to loose brushwork based on outdoor paint and pure color palette in your eyes, used to combine the results of the "freehand" style. Impressionism has been the rage of critics for years. Henry Bacon, a friend of Cassatt, thought the Impressionists were so radical that they were "never seen by any eye disease." There was already a female member of artist Berthe Morisot, who became Cassatt's friend and colleague.
Cassatt admired Degas pastel has caused a strong impression, when he saw them in the 1875 Art Gallery window "I went to crush my nose I can absorb all of his art in the window before," he recalled later, "he changed my life; I see I want to see the art". Take a warm invitation and Degas began to prepare for the next draw a Impressionist exhibition, scheduled for 1878, it (because the world is delayed after the exhibition) held in April 10th 1879 it was part of a group of Impressionist and join their career enthusiasm, said: "we are leading a struggle, we need all our strength." Unable to attend the meeting, the Internet cafe did not pay attention to the negative, he met privately and exhibition. Now, she wants to sell to the commercial success of those who give priority to the work of exquisite Parisian avant-garde. He took an overview of the style he had seen in the scene, and she always had the habit of sketching, and for two years had a new spontaneity.
In 1877, Cassatt met in Paris with her parents, who came to the capital of France, and her sister Lydia log 13 Avenue Trudaine five floor of large apartment sharing ideas. Marie regards his company as either her or she married. Cassatt decided marriage would not be compatible with her career. Lydia, who was often diagnosed with her sister, suffered from recurrent episodes of the disease, diagnosed with severe renal failure in 1877, leaving him temporarily unable to work after his death in 1882.
Mary Cassatt insisted that despite his father's presence in the study covered costs associated with sales, which are still scarce. If a complete painting flat but very easy to sell to make ends meet, in the creation of a high quality to the Impressionist exhibition engineering. In 1878 he was the most important works of three: Portrait of an artist (self portrait), the little girl in a blue chair, and reading the newspaper Le Figaro (a portrait of her mother).