亚历山大·卡巴内尔（AlexandreCabanel，1823年9月28日－1889年1月23日），法国学院派画家。卡巴内尔出生于法国埃罗省省会，地中海沿岸城市蒙彼利埃。他的绘画以学院艺术风格著称，取材以历史，古典，及宗教题材为主。
1839年蒙彼利埃美院完成了学业之后在巴黎定居，获得奖学金的他继续在巴黎美院学习绘画。
1840年主要创作贵族肖像的他开始受浪漫主义绘画影响不断尝试创作神话以及东方主题。
1863年官方艺术沙龙中参展的《维纳斯的诞生》被真正认可。这幅画随即被拿破仑三世买下并收入私人收藏。现存于奥赛博物馆。
1868年数次担任官方艺术沙龙评委会成员。在这个时期出现了很多对于他的批评：卡巴内尔始终反对绘画创新，尤其是反对现实主义画派和印象派艺术家。
1869年于巴黎去世，并在故乡蒙彼利埃安葬并在1892年由建筑师福尔米热主持修建纪念像。
卡巴内尔是法兰西第二帝国时期活跃的艺术家，十九世纪学院派的代表人物之一。
在他的肖像画中，人物的表情是他表现的重点。作为学院派画家，卡巴内尔坚持精确的人体解剖学并且细致详实地描绘风景，他的作品充满细节。无论是历史主题还是神话主题，卡巴内尔的画面都极具戏剧性并且人物都十分的理想化。光线在他的作品中也有极其重要的地位：艺术家经常通过明暗对照法（chiaroscuro）来强调光线对比度。
Cabanel entered the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris at the age of seventeen, and studied with François-Édouard Picot. He exhibited at the Paris Salon for the first time in 1844, and won the Prix de Rome scholarship in 1845 at the age of 22.[2] Cabanel was elected a member of the Institute in 1863. He was appointed professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1864 and taught there until his death.[3]
He was closely connected to the Paris Salon: "He was elected regularly to the Salon jury and his pupils could be counted by the hundred at the Salons. Through them, Cabanel did more than any other artist of his generation to form the character of belle époqueFrench painting".[4] His refusal together with William-Adolphe Bouguereau to allow the impressionist painter Édouard Manet and many other painters to exhibit their work in the Salon of 1863 led to the establishment of the Salon des Refusés by the French government. Cabanel won the Grande Médaille d'Honneur at the Salons of 1865, 1867, and 1878.
A successful academic painter, his 1863 painting The Birth of Venus is one of the best known examples of 19th-century academic painting. The picture was bought by the emperor Napoleon III; there is also a smaller replica (painted in 1875 for a banker, John Wolf) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It was given to them by Wolf in 1893.
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