文殊菩萨梵文Manjusri。旧称文殊师利，满殊尸利，曼殊室利。古译：妙德、妙首、普首、濡首、敬首。大日经曰：妙吉祥，文殊或曼殊是妙之意，师利或室利是头，德，或吉祥之意。简称为文殊。为佛陀释迦牟尼的左胁侍。和佛陀,普贤菩萨合称华严三圣。是佛陀的大弟子,智慧,辩才第一,为众菩萨之首,象征佛陀智慧的菩萨,称「大智」。在中国，他和观音「大悲」、地藏「大愿」、普贤「大行」并称四大菩萨。山西五台山是文殊师利的道场。其外形为顶结五髻（代表大日如来的五智）、手持宝剑（表示智慧之利）、坐骑为一狮子（表示智慧的威猛）形。
文殊菩萨，音译文殊师利或曼殊师利。意译：妙德，妙吉祥。又译：妙首，普首，濡首，敬首。曼殊是妙之意，师利是吉祥之意，简称为文殊。为中国佛教四大菩萨（文殊菩萨、普贤菩萨、观音菩萨、地藏菩萨）之一。文殊菩萨和普贤菩萨为释迦牟尼佛的左、右胁侍，他们合称为“华严三圣”。文殊菩萨智慧、辩才第一，为众菩萨之首，被称为“大智文殊菩萨”。大乘佛教崇奉的菩萨，是至高智慧的化身。
山西省五台山是文殊菩萨的道场。《华严经·菩萨住处品》说：‘东方有处名清凉山，从昔以来，诸菩萨众，于中止住。现有菩萨文殊师利，与其眷属，诸菩萨众，一万人俱，常在其中，而演说法。’《文殊师利宝藏陀罗尼经》亦说：‘尔时世尊，告金刚密迹菩萨言：我灭度后，于此瞻部洲东北方，有国名大振邦，其国有山号曰五顶，文殊童子，游行居上，为诸众生，于中说法。’而经所说清凉山及五顶山，即今中国山西五台山。此山在五台县东北，离县城一百二十里，五峰环抱，顶无森林，如垒土之合，因名五台山。地居边境，寒冷异常，无炎暑之热，又名清凉山。古之丛林，今之佛刹，皆在中台之下，其南台离中合八十里，台高三十里，顶周二里，金莲名菊，灿发如锦，亦名锦绣峰，世传是文殊菩萨所居。文殊菩萨诞辰纪念日：农历四月初四。
文殊菩萨的形象，通常是手持慧剑，骑乘狮子，比喻以智慧利剑斩断烦恼，以狮吼威风震慑魔怨。
文殊菩萨形象多变，依照其形象，可分为一字、五字、六字、八字文殊，其中最常见的是五髻文殊。五髻文殊是因头顶绑了五个髻而得名，这五髻代表的是五种智慧。一般右手握「智慧剑」，左手持的莲花上放置「般若经」。智慧之利剑表示能斩断种种愚痴，智慧犀利如剑；青莲花则代表纯洁无染，花上放有般若经，作为智慧与慈悲的象征。菩萨亦常乘坐狮子座骑，表示智慧威猛无比；或以莲花为台座，代表清净无染；或驾乘金色孔雀，比喻飞扬自在。

文殊师利，梵文manjusri的译音，略称文殊。新译‘曼殊室利。’汉译为妙德，义为万德圆明，皆彻性原。又译妙吉样，因他出生时，家里出现十大吉祥瑞兆。（一）天降甘露，（二）地涌七珍，（三）仓变金粟，（四）庭生莲花，（五）光明满室，（六）鸡生凤子，（七）马产祥麟，（八）牛生白犊，（九）猪诞龙豚，（十）六牙象现。西元前六世纪，（与释迦同时代）生于舍卫国。多罗聚落、婆罗门族姓中，父名梵德，从母右胁而生，身紫金色，堕地能言，如童天子，有七宝盖，随复其上，文殊具有三十二相，八十种好，与佛相同。
在《华严经入法界品》，弥勒菩萨对善财说：‘文殊大愿，非余无量百千亿那由他菩萨之所能有。其行广大，其愿无边，出生一切菩萨功德，无有休息。常为无量诸佛之母，常为无量菩萨之师，教化成就一切众生，名称普闻十方世界。在大乘佛教里，文殊是诸菩萨上首，常与普贤侍佛左右，所有的佛弟子，都把文殊当成智慧的化身，如说般若为诸佛之母，文殊为七佛之师。常见的文殊像，顶有五髻，表示五智无上无得之相。五智：法界体性智，大圆镜智，平等性智，妙观察智，成所作智。左手执莲花。花中安放《般若经》一部，表示般若一尘不染，如大火聚，四面不可触，触之即烧。右手执宝剑，表示大智，能断一切无明烦恼，喻金刚宝剑，能斩群魔。或坐莲花台，表示清净，或乘狮子或孔雀，表示威猛。
释迦牟尼佛说法四十九年中，始自华严，终于涅盘，凡是大乘法会，皆有文殊参加。在辅助释迦牟尼佛，宣传大乘佛教思想，文殊作出了巨大的贡献。《宝箧经》里记载，佛在舍卫国时，有一年，一连下了七天大雨，许多农田和住宅都被洪水所吞没，祇园有八百比丘，万余菩萨，面临著饥饿的惨状。阿难请求文殊设法予以救济，文殊使众多佛弟子都得到饱足，安心于道。说明文殊在物质方面给予释迦僧团以很大的帮助。在释迦僧团成份中，婆罗门种姓占有绝对优势，他们多数人是厌离心切，习惯于苦行，如迦叶等。对大乘法，行于世间而不为世间法所染，与外道和睦相处而不为其知见所动，虽断烦恼而不舍菩萨行，虽不住有为亦不住无为。文殊协助释迦做了大量工作，使许多声闻众回小向大，接受大乘教法。如灵山会上五百比丘，得通未得忍，以宿命智，各见过去杀父害母及诸重罪，于自心内，各各怀疑，于甚深法，不能得入，于是文殊仗剑逼佛，佛说：‘文殊住住！吾必被杀。我被害矣，谁害吾子。’于是五百比丘，自悟本心，了法如梦，皆得法忍说偈赞曰：‘文殊大智士，深达法源底，手自握利剑，逼持如来身。如剑佛亦尔，一相无二相，无相无所生，是中云何杀？’文殊用杀佛的办法，来教育五百比丘，使之悟解大乘宗义，证得法忍，堪称释迦得力的助手。又一次文殊对众生宣讲大乘空义说：‘不用见佛，不用求法。’时有二百比丘，以为错乱说，舍佛而去。文殊于中途，化作大火，比丘欲以神足飞空（跳过去），上见铁网，生大恐怖。回视祇园途径，遍布青莲。比丘即至佛所，白上所见。佛告比丘：‘内火未尽，欲度外火，无有是处。汝诸比丘，堕在见网，欲度铁网，亦无是处。……此之爱见，无所从来，亦无所至。从妄想生，无我，无我所。’二百比丘，听到佛的教导，余漏永尽，成阿罗汉。可见文殊不仅是一位深解大乘空义的智者，对神通幻术的运用，也十分熟练。二百比丘在走投无路的情况下，只得回头，心中的火气冷静下来，接受佛的教导，使他证得罗汉的果位。还有一次世尊自恣日，文殊三处过夏，违反了僧制，迦叶以长老的身份，想拿起槌子把文殊赶出去。当迦叶刚拿起槌子时，见千百亿文殊顿时出现，迦叶这时用尽一切力气，拿不起槌子。佛此时对迦叶说：‘迦叶，这么多文殊，你要摈除那一个。’迦叶顿感自惭，觉得不是文殊的对手。还有舍利弗，在释迦弟子中，也算是个佼佼者，一次文殊与他游诸佛土，有一佛土，到处都是大火弥漫，人行其中，顷刻化为灰烬，舍利弗见之惶恐万状。文殊以神力令无数莲花遍布其中，踏上而行，如履坦途。舍利弗此时在文殊面前感到矮了半截。
以上这些例子，生动地讲明了文殊和释迦在教育声闻，萌发大心上配合得十分默契，得心应手。所以《法华经安乐行品》，文殊启请末世持经之方，佛特为说曰安乐行，便于后世护持，读诵是《法华经》。文殊遵照释迦的嘱托，于佛灭度后，和阿难、弥勒在铁围山结集大乘经典，使大乘佛教赖以住世和发扬光大。近人不察论述印度佛教史，认为大乘空有二宗肇始龙树、无著，斯乃枝末之见，实际上印度大乘佛教有空有二宗的源头，佛在世时，文殊、弥勒是空有二宗佛教的杰出代表，他的思想在佛学体系中，一直享有崇高地位。
在《文殊般涅盘经》里说：佛灭后四百五十年，文殊到雪山，为五百仙人宣扬法化。最后诸有缘者悉皆得度，与五百仙人同到自己的家乡舍卫国多罗聚落于尼枸树下，结跏趺坐，入首楞严三昧，从周身毛孔，出大火光，铄金色身，成琉璃像。琉璃像内有真金像，正长六尺，坐莲华台，了了分明，五百仙人，皆入涅盘。时有八大王，将琉璃像，置金刚山顶，起塔供养。

诸佛菩萨，凡果后施化，无不具足无上智慧，特别是文殊师利菩萨，更是无上智慧的代表。因为文殊菩萨，是三世果上如来，在《首楞严三昧经》中说：文殊菩萨，过去成佛，名龙种上尊王佛。在《央崛摩罗经》中说：文殊菩萨，现在北方作佛，号欢喜藏摩尼宝积佛。在《宝积经》中说：文殊菩萨当来成佛，名普见如来。在《华严经》则说，文殊菩萨，是十方诸佛母，一切菩萨师。今为辅助释尊教化众生，于公元前六世纪，示现出生于印度舍卫国，多罗聚落婆罗门家，父名梵德，从母右协生，身紫金色，出生即能言，具三十二相，八十种好，与佛同等。因其出生时，家族中出现十种瑞相，因名妙吉祥。又文殊菩萨，古佛再来，了了见佛性，因名妙德。《圣无动尊大威怒王秘密陀罗尼经》言：‘妙吉祥菩萨，是三世觉母，故名文殊师利。’
文殊菩萨，身紫金色，形如童子，五髻冠其顶，左手持青莲华，右手执宝剑，常骑狮子出入，既年青又威猛，却是无量诸佛母，一切菩萨师。《大乘心地观经》言：‘文殊师利大圣尊，十方诸佛以为母；一切如来初发心，皆因文殊教化力。’在《放钵经》中释尊曾言：‘我今得佛，是文殊师利之恩也。过去无央数佛，皆是文殊师利弟子，当来者亦是，其威神力所致。譬如世间小儿有父母，文殊者佛道中父母。’《菩萨处胎经·文殊身变化品》云：‘本为能仁师，今乃为弟子，佛道极广大，清净无增减，我欲现佛身，二尊不并立’
文殊菩萨本居佛位，何止是释尊之师，亦释尊的师祖。在《法华经·序品》中说：无量劫前，有二万日月灯明佛出现于世：其中最后一位日月灯明佛，未出家时，有八王子，威德自在，各领四天下，后闻父王出家已成佛道，皆舍王位，出家修行，发大乘意，皆为法师。时日月灯明佛座下有妙光菩萨，曾持《妙法莲华经》满八十小劫，常为人演说。日月灯明佛，为彼说《法华经》，佛入灭后，佛的八王子，皆以妙光菩萨为师。妙光菩萨教化八王子，令其坚固菩提心，终于次第成佛，其最后佛名燃灯佛。而燃灯佛正是释迦如来的本师。时妙光菩萨，即今文殊师利菩萨。是以文殊菩萨，不仅是释尊本师，亦是释尊的祖师，今以祖师身份，示现为弟子，可见佛法平等，不生执著，但为利生，不拘世俗知见。而文殊历史的悠久，智慧的超越，亦由是可知。何止是佛教中智慧的代表，简直是无上智慧的化身。

Manjusri Sanskrit Manjusri. The old name Manjushri, full of little corpse, manjushri. Ancient translation: miaode, Miao, song, song, song Jing Pu Ru song. His said: wonderful auspicious, Manjusri Manjusri Miao or Italy, Shri or chamber is the head of Germany, or auspicious meaning. Referred to as manjusri. The left flank of Buddha Shakya Muni. And the Buddha, Samantabhadra collectively Sam kegon. Is the Buddha's disciple, wisdom, eloquence first, for the Bodhisattva, a symbol of the Buddha Bodhisattva of wisdom, called "wisdom". In China, he and the goddess of mercy "," mercy "hidden", "may" Samantabhadra is called the four bodhisattva. Shanxi Mount Wutai is Manjusri dojo. The shape of the top five bun (representing the Tathagata five sword (Intelligence), said the wisdom), mounts as a lion (said the wisdom of the mighty) shape.
Manjusri Manjusri, or Mansfield shri. Miao Miao, Miao jixiang. The good: first, general first, or the first, King song. Mansfield is wonderful teacher of Italy, is auspicious, referred to as manjusri. For China (the four great Buddhist Bodhisattvas Manjusri, Samantabhadra, Avalokiteshvara, one of the Bodhisattva). Manjusri and Samantabhadra Buddha Shakya Muni for the left and right retinues, they are called "Sam kegon". Manjusri Wisdom, eloquence first, for the Bodhisattva, known as the "wisdom of Manjusri bodhisattva". In the Mahayana Bodhisattva, is the incarnation of the Supreme wisdom.
Shanxi Mount Wutai is Manjusri temple. "By Kegon, Buddha said:" the goods "residence at East Qingliang mountain, from the past, the Bodhisattva all, to stop. The Bodhisattva Manjusri Bodhisattva, with their families, the ten thousand people are often in them, and speak the Dharma. " "Manjusri treasure" also said: "also to the Buddha, Bodhisattva King dense tracks said: I left after this to look forward a continent in the north-east, with the large state, the state said five mountain top, Manjusri boy, in the procession, sentient beings, in the statement." And said by the cool mountain and the top five, that is, China's Shanxi Mount Wutai. This mountain is located in the northeast of the five counties, from the county seat one hundred and twenty, surrounded by the five peaks, the top of the forest, such as the base soil, because of the name of Mount Wutai. In the border, the severe cold, no heat of heat, also known as cool mountain. The ancient forest, this Buddha, all in Taiwan, from eighty in the south, ten in the top three, Tuesday, lotus chrysanthemum, such as Chan Kam, also called Fairview peak, is a residence of manjusri. Manjushri birthday anniversary: the 4th day of the fourth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.
Manjusri images are usually armed with the sword of wisdom, riding a lion, compared with wisdom sword cut off trouble, to roar and deter Moyuan.
Manjushri changing the image according to the image, can be divided into word, five words, six words, eight Manjusri, is one of the most common types of Manjusri five. Five bun head tied five Manjusri is named after a bun, the five bun is representative of five kinds of wisdom. General "sword of wisdom" in his right hand, left hand holding a lotus placed on "Prajnaparamita". The wisdom of the sword can cut off all sorts of said ignorance, wisdom sharp as a sword; a blue lotus represents pure dye, takes place there Prajnaparamita as a symbol of wisdom and compassion. The Buddha also often take the lion mounts, said the wisdom of the powerful; or to the lotus pedestal, on behalf of pure driving; or the Golden Peacock flying free, metaphor.Manjushri, transliteration of the Sanskrit Manjusri, abbreviation of manjusri. The new translation "Manjushri." Chinese translation for miaode, meaning all of the original Wande Yuanming, fletcher. The Miao Ji, because when he was born, the ten auspicious RUIZHAO house. (a) manna from heaven (two), in seven Jane, (three) bin gold millet (four), family health lotus, (five) a room full of light, chicken born chicken (six), Ma Chanxianglin (seven), (eight) white cattle calves, pigs born dragon (nine) Dolphin, (ten) six teeth like this. Sixth Century BC, (the same age with Sakyamuni was born in sravasti). At the village, a Brahmin surname, father Fande, born from mother Youxie, body purple color, fall on the ground can be made, such as Tong emperor, a cover with the Qibao, complex, Manjusri has thirty-two phase, eighty, with the same buddha.
In "by Kegon into law goods", Maitreya Buddha said: "good fortune of Manjusri vows, no more than the amount that may not by his Bodhisattva can have. The majority of its wish, boundless, all born Bodhisattva merit, there is no rest. Often the mother of innumerable Buddhas, often boundless Bodhisattva division, civilized achievements of all beings, the name of the ten party world Pu wen. In Mahayana, the Bodhisattva Manjusri is the first, and paternity Buddha Samantabhadra, all the disciples of the Buddha, the Manjusri as the incarnation of wisdom, as for the Buddha and the mother of wisdom, Manjusri is seven Buddha. Common as top five Manjusri, bun, said no to the five Supreme wisdom. Five wisdom: Law of wisdom, great mirror wisdom, wisdom of equality, miaoguanchazhi, sing chi. Left hand holding lotus. The flower placed a "wisdom", said Prajna spotless, as the fire together, all can not touch, touch is burning. Right hand hold sword, said the great wisdom, nothing can break out trouble, Yu diamond sword, to cut demons. Or sit lotus Taiwan, said clean, or take a lion or a peacock, said the mighty.
Shakya Muni Buddha said in forty-nine years, since the beginning of the Huayan, finally nirvana, who will have a large multiplication, Manjusri in. In the auxiliary Shakya Muni Buddha, propaganda of Mahayana Buddhism, and made great contributions to manjusri. "Treasure trunk" records, the Buddha was in sravasti, one year, for seven days of rain, many farms and homes are flooded, only park has eight hundred monks, thousand Buddha, facing the horrors of hunger. Request to Ananda Manjusri Manjusri relief, the Dover disciples will be fed, at ease on the road. In the description of Manjusri material to give great help to the Sakya sangha. In the Sakya Sangha composition, Brahman has an absolute advantage, most of them are tired from eager, accustomed to asceticism, such as Kasyapa etc.. On line multiplication, and not in the world is dyed, and not the outside live together in peace together see the move, although break trouble and give up the Bodhisattva, although not for nor live in wuwei. Assist the Manjusri Buddha has done a lot of work, make a lot of Savaka all back to small to large, accept the Mahayana teachings. Such as Lingshan will be the five hundred monks, to not have to endure the fate of wisdom, the father and the mother to see the past and a felony, from the heart, the suspect, in deep, cannot get into, so we forced the Buddha Manjusri Manjusri, the Buddha said: "stay! I must be killed. I killed, who harm my son So the five hundred monks, oneself heart, the dream, all it could say but Chan said: Manjusri Wisdom, deep source of bottom, hand hold sword, forced to Buddha body. Such as the sword Buddha Seoul, a phase without phase, by no birth, what is cloud killed? " In the way to kill the Buddha Manjusri, five hundred monks to make education, understanding the Mahayana Zongyi, it could permit, called Buddha assistant. Once again to preach the emptiness of Mahayana Manjusri beings said: "do not see the Buddha, not for the law." There are two hundred monks, thought disorder, Schaefer. Halfway into the fire, Manjusri, monk to God (jump) foot flying empty, see on the rail network, students of terror. As the only way back to the park, across the green lotus. He is to see the Buddha, white. The Buddha said: "not to fire, the monks out of the fire, there is no place. You see all the monks and fall in net margin of rail network, also is....... There is no love, no love, no love. From delusion, without me, without me Two hundred monks, hear the teachings of the Buddha, as more than Louyong, arhat. The Manjusri is not only a deep understanding of the Mahayana emptiness wise use of supernatural magic, is also very skilled. The two hundred monks in the case of cornered, had to turn back, heart anger to calm down, to accept the teachings of the Buddha, so he have arhat fruit. There is a Buddha pravarana, Manjusri three summer, in violation of the Sangha, the identity of the elders to Kasyapa, want to pick up a hammer to drive out the manjusri. When just picked up the hammer Kasyapa, see many billions of Manjusri suddenly appeared, Kasyapa then use all the strength, can't afford to take a hammer. At this time of the Buddha Kasyapa said: "so many Kasyapa, Manjusri, discard the one you want." Gayeton felt ashamed, not the opponent of manjusri. And in the Buddha disciples, shariputra, is a leader, a Buddha Manjusri and he swam a Buddha in soil, soil, everywhere is the fire filled the air, people, in the ashes, you see the terrified. Manjusri to divine so many lotus throughout them, set foot on the line, such as on the straight. You feel at this point in the short half in front of manjusri.These examples vividly explained the Manjusri and Buddha in education is high on the germination of heart with very tacit, handy. So the "Lotus Sutra for easy goods", please hold the end of Kai Manjusri, fortt is said to protect the peace line, later, read and recite is "Lotus Sutra". In accordance with the Buddha Manjusri to entrust, Buddha Miedu, and Ananda, Maitreya in the iron ring mountain collection of the Mahayana sutras, the Mahayana Buddhism's live and carry forward. Friends don't cha discusses the history of India Buddhism, Mahayana thought empty two cases began, no dragon tree, but at the end of the branch, see, India is actually a free source of Mahayana Buddhism has two cases, when the Buddha was in the world, Maitreya is empty Manjusri, an outstanding representative of two cases of Buddhism, Buddhism in his thought system. Always enjoy a high status.
In the "Nirvana" Manjusri said: four hundred and fifty years after the death of the Buddha Manjusri, into the snow, five hundred fairy preach law. Finally, the lucky people are all have degrees, and with five hundred immortals to their hometown sravasti settlement made DORO citron tree, knot Jia fuzuo, first in the Surangama samadhi, from his pores, a big fire, bright golden body, into a glass like. There are really like glass film, is six feet long, sitting on Lotus Taiwan, the clear, five hundred immortal, all nirvana. When there are eight kings, will be like the glass, the top of the King Kong, tower support.Buddha, where fruit after Shi, with all wisdom, especially the Manjusri Bodhisattva, is a great representative of wisdom. Because the fruit is Manjusri, III Tathagata, in "Shurangama samadhi Sutra" said: Manjusri Buddha statue on the past, a dragon king. In the "central rise" in Morocco compass said: Manjusri, now North Buddha, Buddha mani Baoji hidden joy no.. In "Baoji said:" when the Manjusri Buddha, Buddha common name. In "by Kegon said, Manjusri, the Buddha is the ten mother, all the Bodhisattvas division. This is the auxiliary Buddha enlightened, in sixth Century BC, showing sravasti was born in India, who in the settlement, father Fande, right from the parent association, body purple color, born can be made, with thirty-two, eighty, with the same buddha. Because of its birth, the family appeared in ten kinds of auspicious phase, because the name of good luck. Buddha and Bodhisattva Manjusri, the Buddha see again, the result of miaode. "Saint Williams no statue of anger Wang said:" the secret "is also wonderful auspicious Bodhisattva, feel is III mother, named wenshushili."
Manjusri, body purple color, shaped like a boy, five of the top bun crown, who left China Qinglian, right hand hold sword, often ride out the lions, both young and strong, is the innumerable Buddhas mother, all the Bodhisattvas division. A concept of the "words" Mahayana "Manjusri statue of king, ten party Buddha thought mother; all Buddha primary heart, because the Manjusri of enlightenment." In the "bowl" put in the Buddha once said: "I now have wenshushili Buddha, is also. In the past the central number of Buddha, are wenshushili disciples, when it is, the power caused by wei. As worldly children have parents, their parents' Buddhist Manjusri. "At the fetal body Manjusri Bodhisattva" cloud: "this product changes for this is the Buddhist master, disciple, and extremely broad, clean with no change, I want to present two statues of Buddha, and not"
The juval Manjusri, the Buddha is far more than the division, the Division also Buddha zu. In the "Lotus Sutra" - xupin said: eons ago, twenty thousand of the sun lights Buddha appeared in the world: the last bit of the sun lights the Buddha, not monk, eight prince, weed free, leading the world in four, after the father has become a Buddhist monk smell, all shed the throne, becoming a monk. It is made of Mahayana, master. When the sun lights a wonderful light under the Bodhisattva, who hold "Lotus Sutra" over eighty small disaster, people often speech. The sun lights for the Buddha, he said "Lotus Sutra", Buddha enter out after the eight Prince Buddha, Bodhisattva with miaoguang teacher. Miaoguang Bodhisattva enlightenment eight prince, his strong bodhicitta, finally in order to become a Buddha, the Buddha dipamkara. While Dipamkara is nigume this division. When is this miaoguang Bodhisattva Manjusri bodhisattva. Is to Manjusri, not only is the Buddha of the division, is also the founder of the Buddha, this in his identity, is said to his disciples, Buddhism can be seen equal, not rigid, but for Lisheng, informal secular knowledge. The Manjusri Wisdom beyond history, is also known. What is representative of Buddhist wisdom, is the embodiment of Supreme wisdom.