百炼成钢的精神塑像
——红色美术经典中的共产党人
100年来，一代又一代中国共产党人顽强拼搏、不懈奋斗，涌现出一大批视死如归的革命烈士、一大批顽强奋斗的英雄人物、一大批忘我奉献的先进模范，留下了跨越时空、历久弥新的宝贵精神财富。美术工作者用手中的画笔和刻刀，真实记录下这些闪光的灵魂和动人的精神，让共产党人的形象更加深入人心。
崇高境界的生动展示
共产党人的精神通过艺术的形式代代传承，艺术的语言、风格也随之拓展。尤其是对革命前辈的形象塑造，通过恰当的艺术创新，深刻展示了他们崇高的精神境界。
中国共产党主要创始人之一、中国最早的马克思主义传播者李大钊同志的纪念雕像，已经静静伫立在河北省唐山市大钊公园30年了。每天，都有市民在这里瞻仰这位已经离开我们90多年的革命先烈。这件雕塑和常见的纪念碑式雕塑有很大不同。为表现李大钊脸型方正的形象特征，突出“铁肩担道义”的主题，创作者钱绍武借鉴了中国北方传统城楼建筑对称、开阔的形式，取法汉代石刻艺术，追求重、拙、大的审美取向，将原计划3米高的全身坐像，改为了3米多高、7米多宽的头像，体量感增大数倍，形式也更加单纯洗练，而主题则愈加鲜明深刻。方正、刚直、沉稳、开阔的雕塑形象，如同中国革命的一方基石，与大地融为一体。这件作品不仅获得“新中国城市雕塑建设成就奖”，也对年轻一代的雕塑家产生了巨大影响。在雕塑家黎明为湖南省长沙市橘子洲头创作的《青年毛泽东像》等一批优秀城市雕塑中，都可以感受到这种艺术的传承。
李大钊像（雕塑） 钱绍武
和无数共产党员一样，胡一川一直走在时代前列。他1932年创作的版画《到前线去》，生动反映了左翼美术青年在救亡运动中群情激昂的精神面貌，极具感染力。新中国成立后，以版画见长的胡一川，开始创作油画。他1950年创作的油画《开镣》，表现党领导的人民军队打开了铐在中国人民身上的脚镣；1961年创作的油画《前夜》，描绘地下党的秘密集会。两件作品都以简洁的造型、概括的色块，强化了夜间行动的整体氛围，表达了对革命先烈的缅怀。质朴的艺术语言，恰到好处地表现了那个年代共产党人崇高而质朴的形象。
到前线去（版画） 胡一川
开镣（油画） 胡一川
前夜（油画） 胡一川
进取精神的艺术镌刻
新中国成立后，在社会主义革命和建设事业中，中国共产党人从来没有被任何困难吓倒，表现出勇于攻坚克难的大无畏精神。无论是在抗美援朝战场、“两弹一星”科研一线，还是在田间地头、厂矿车间，无数共产党人无私奉献，顽强拼搏，创造了一个又一个奇迹。这些，在美术工作者的笔下都有所体现。
中国人民志愿军奔赴抗美援朝前线时，20岁的侯一民作为人民日报特派记者来到战地采访、写生。他亲身体会到在极端艰苦的条件下，志愿军将士如何用生命捍卫和平。虽然早年曾投身地下革命工作，但血与火交织的残酷战场依然深深震撼了他。他和首批奔赴抗美援朝前线的美术工作者们手绘的一批战地速写，生动地记录下所见所闻、所思所感，并在人民日报上发表，向全国人民展现了“谁是最可爱的人”。回国后，他还创作了油画《跨过鸭绿江》，参加了“中国人民解放军建军三十周年纪念美术展览会”，画作对中国人民志愿军必胜信心的描绘打动了无数观众。
跨过鸭绿江（油画） 侯一民
“亲民爱民、艰苦奋斗、科学求实、迎难而上、无私奉献”的焦裕禄精神，在群众心中铸就了一座丰碑。毛本华、王刚、鲍璐、郝米嘉合作的油画《焦裕禄》，描绘了这位县委书记带领兰考人民用肩扛着、用车推着树苗走在风沙中的场景。灰蒙蒙的天空被一根根长矛似的树苗刺破，画面中的焦裕禄正微笑着和身旁的乡亲交谈，展现出他带领兰考人民战胜恶劣自然环境的信心。
《西部年代》是军旅画家骆根兴2001年创作的一幅油画，表现的是上世纪六七十年代我国西部“两弹一星”研发基地的创业者形象，以他们在戈壁滩上的英姿与豪情，展现了共产党人为党和国家的事业齐心协力、砥砺前行的担当精神。
西部年代（油画） 骆根兴
无私奉献的形象描绘
改革开放以来，特别是进入新时代，各行各业都有了突飞猛进的发展，先进人物层出不穷，艺术创作为之一新。
焦兴涛创作的木雕《逐梦》，是一件表现航天员的作品，反映出中国人民对载人航天事业的关注和由此产生的民族自豪感。这座近2米高的雕塑，以柏木为媒材，用传统木雕技艺雕刻而成。航天员的头盔面罩部分，结合现代烤漆工艺，呈现出玻璃的色泽和反光，以逼真的细节刻画了航天员等待起飞前宁静的一刻。这片刻的宁静之后，即将迎来火箭的轰鸣升空；这片刻的宁静背后，是新中国几代航天人“特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献”的载人航天精神。
逐梦（雕塑） 焦兴涛
在孔繁森精神的引领下，一批又一批援藏干部奔赴雪域高原，谱写了一曲曲荡气回肠的奋斗者之歌。吴为山的雕塑《孔繁森》，塑造了这位共产党员头戴毡帽、身披大衣、脚踏厚靴的形象。通过服装，我们可以感受到雪域高原艰苦的气候条件和恶劣的自然环境，但孔繁森脸上却绽放着自信和满足的笑容，他的身躯像一棵伟岸的松柏矗立在高原之上。作为一名援藏干部，为了帮助百姓脱贫，他攀山涉谷，走访藏胞，足迹遍布偏僻的阿里。吴为山用自己最擅长的写意风格，生动还原了孔繁森“耿耿忠心照雪山”的精神面貌。
孔繁森（雕塑） 吴为山
在抗击重大灾情或疫情时，人民军队和广大医务工作者，尤其是其中的共产党员，都以大无畏的精神冲在最前线。壁画《抗震壮歌》以恢弘的篇幅展现了军民齐心协力抗震救灾的感人场景。相似立意的作品还有表现抗洪精神的中国画《九八英雄颂》，以及荣获第十三届全国美展金奖、表现消防员的雕塑《烈焰青春》等。在众多歌颂医务工作者的作品中，郑爽创作的版画《你的双手承起了我们的生命与希望》让人过目难忘。她并未直接刻画某一位具体的抗疫功勋，而是用一位张开双臂、以双手承托起生命希望的年轻护士的形象，代表整个医务工作者群体。他们以尊重生命的大爱精神，救死扶伤，让生命绽放出耀眼的光华。
抗震壮歌·局部（壁画）侯一民、邓澍、戴士和、孙景波、杜文成等
九八英雄颂（中国画） 杨之光
烈焰青春（雕塑） 焦兴涛
你的双手承起了我们的生命与希望（版画） 郑爽
知识分子精诚、敬业、奉献的精神，同样诠释了共产党人的境界和追求。油画《敦煌女儿》是描绘敦煌研究院第三任院长樊锦诗的肖像作品。创作者袁元、季承禹刻意运用硬朗的表现手法，突显樊锦诗的精神强度和她瘦弱身躯之间的强烈对比，并力图使樊锦诗的形象融入她所守护的敦煌石窟环境当中，表现其执着而坚韧的精神力量。
敦煌女儿（油画） 袁元、季承禹
新中国一代代美术工作者创作了一大批真实深刻地反映时代、深情讴歌英雄楷模的作品。在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年之际，重温这些曾引起观众共鸣的艺术精品，深入体悟中国共产党人崇高的理想境界和精神品格，意义格外深远。
（作者：齐喆，广州美术学院教授）
延伸阅读：
笔墨流金四十年之中国壁画
雕塑记忆 百年巨变
为人民塑像：浙江省红色主题雕塑大展后记（陈政）
A large number of outstanding and indomitable heroes of the Communist Party of China, who have worked tirelessly for a hundred years, have emerged. A large number of outstanding and indomitable heroes of the Communist Party of China, who have been fighting for hundreds of years, have left behind a large number of outstanding and indomitable heroes of the Communist Party of China. Artists use their brushes and knives to truly record these shining souls and moving spirits, so as to make the image of Communists more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The vivid display of the lofty realm, the spirit of the Communists is inherited from generation to generation through the form of art, and the language and style of art are also expanded. In particular, the image shaping of the revolutionary predecessors has deeply demonstrated their lofty spiritual realm through appropriate artistic innovation. The memorial statue of Comrade Li Dazhao, one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China and the earliest disseminator of Marxism in China, has been standing quietly in Dazhao Park, Tangshan City, Hebei Province for 30 years. Every day, citizens visit this revolutionary martyr who has left us for more than 90 years. This sculpture is very different from the common monument sculpture. In order to show the image characteristics of Li Dazhao's square face and highlight the theme of "iron shoulder carries morality", creator Qian Shaowu borrowed from the symmetrical and open form of traditional city buildings in northern China, followed the stone carving art of the Han Dynasty, pursued the aesthetic orientation of being heavy, clumsy and large, and changed the original planned 3-meter-high full-length sitting portrait to a head portrait more than 3 meters high and 7 meters wide, which increased the sense of volume several times and made the form more simple and refined, The theme is more vivid and profound. The upright, upright, calm and open sculpture image, like the cornerstone of the Chinese revolution, is integrated with the earth. This work not only won the "new China Urban Sculpture Construction Achievement Award", but also had a great impact on the young generation of sculptors. The inheritance of this art can be felt in a number of excellent urban sculptures such as the statue of Young Mao Zedong created by sculptor Liming for juzizhoutou, Changsha City, Hunan Province. Li Dazhao statue (sculpture) Qian Shaowu Young Mao Zedong statue (sculpture) liming, like countless Communists, Hu Yichuan has always been in the forefront of the times. The print "go to the front line" created by him in 1932 vividly reflects the spiritual outlook of the left-wing art youth in the national salvation movement, which is very infectious. After the founding of new China, Hu Yichuan, who is good at printmaking, began to create oil paintings. His oil painting "opening shackles" created in 1950 shows that the people's army led by the party has opened the shackles on the Chinese people; The oil painting "the night before", created in 1961, depicts the secret assembly of the underground party. Both works use simple shapes and generalized color blocks to strengthen the overall atmosphere of night action and express the memory of revolutionary martyrs. The simple artistic language appropriately expressed the lofty and simple image of the Communists at that time. Go to the front line (print) Hu Yichuan to open shackles (oil painting) Hu Yichuan the night before (oil painting) Hu Yichuan's art of enterprising spirit after the founding of new China, the Chinese Communists have never been intimidated by any difficulties in the cause of socialist revolution and construction, showing the fearless spirit of bravely tackling difficulties. No matter in the battlefield of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, the front line of "two bombs and one satellite" scientific research, or in the fields, factories and mining workshops, countless Communists have made selfless contributions and worked tenaciously, creating one miracle after another. These are reflected in the works of art workers. When the Chinese people's volunteers went to the front line to resist US aggression and aid Korea, Hou Yimin, 20, came to the battlefield as a special reporter of the people's daily to cover and sketch. He personally experienced how volunteers could defend peace with their lives under extremely difficult conditions. Although he devoted himself to the underground revolution in his early years, he was still deeply shocked by the cruel battlefield intertwined with blood and fire. He and the first batch of art workers who went to the front line to resist US aggression and aid Korea drew a batch of battlefield sketches, which vividly recorded what they saw, heard, thought and felt, and published them in the people's daily, showing "who is the most lovely person" to the people of the whole country. After returning to China, he also created the oil painting "crossing the Yalu River" and participated in the "art exhibition commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese people's Liberation Army". The painting's depiction of the confidence of the Chinese people's Volunteer Army in winning moved countless audiences. Crossing the Yalu River (oil painting) Hou Yimin's spirit of "being close to the people and loving the people, working hard, being scientific and realistic, meeting difficulties and selfless dedication" has cast a monument in the hearts of the masses. Jiao Yulu, an oil painting by Mao Benhua, Wang Gang, Bao Lu and Hao Mijia, depicts the scene of the county Party Secretary leading the Lankao people to walk in the sandstorm with saplings carried on their shoulders and pushed by cars. The gray sky is pierced by spear like saplings. Jiao Yulu in the picture is smiling and talking to the villagers around him, showing his confidence in leading the Lankao people to overcome the harsh natural environment. Jiao Yulu (oil painting) "the age of the west" by Mao Benhua, Wang Gang, Bao Lu and Hao Mijia is an oil painting created by military painter Luo Genxing in 2001. It shows the image of the entrepreneurs of the "two bombs and one satellite" R & D base in Western China in the 1960s and 1970s. With their heroic posture and pride on Gobi beach, it shows the Communist Party's spirit of working together and forging ahead for the cause of the party and the country. The image of Luo Genxing's selfless dedication in the Western era (oil painting) depicts that since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, all walks of life have developed by leaps and bounds, advanced figures emerge in endlessly, and artistic creation is new. The wood carving "chasing a dream" created by Jiao Xingtao is a work showing astronauts, reflecting the Chinese people's concern for manned space flight and the resulting national pride. This nearly 2-meter-high sculpture is made of cypress and traditional wood carving techniques. The astronaut's helmet mask, combined with modern paint baking technology, presents the color and reflection of glass, depicting the astronaut's quiet moment before taking off in realistic details. After this moment of tranquility, the roar of rockets will soon take off; Behind this moment of tranquility is the manned spaceflight spirit of several generations of astronauts in New China, who are "especially able to bear hardships, fight, tackle key problems and contribute". Chasing dreams (sculpture) under the guidance of Kong Fansen's spirit, Jiao Xingtao, group after group of cadres assisting Tibet, rushed to the snowy plateau and wrote a soul stirring song of striver. Wu Weishan's sculpture Kong Fansen portrays the Communist Party member wearing a felt hat, a coat and thick boots. Through clothing, we can feel the harsh climatic conditions and harsh natural environment of the snowy plateau, but Kong Fansen's face is full of self-confidence and satisfaction. His body stands on the plateau like a mighty pine and cypress. As a cadre assisting Tibet, in order to help the people out of poverty, he climbed mountains and valleys, visited Tibetan compatriots, and traveled all over remote Ali. With his best freehand brushwork style, Wu Weishan vividly restored Kong Fansen's spiritual outlook of "taking care of the snow mountain with loyalty". Kong Fansen (sculpture) when Wu Weishan fought against major disasters or epidemic situations, the people's army and the majority of medical workers, especially the Communist Party members, rushed to the forefront with fearless spirit. The mural "earthquake relief song" shows the moving scene of the army and the people working together for earthquake relief in a magnificent length. Similar works include the Chinese painting Ode to heroes in 1998, which shows the spirit of fighting the flood, the gold award of the 13th National Art Exhibition and the sculpture youth in flames, which shows firefighters. Among the many works praising medical workers, the printmaking "your hands bear our life and hope" created by Zheng Shuang is unforgettable. She did not directly portray a specific anti epidemic feat, but represented the whole medical worker group with the image of a young nurse with open arms and supporting the hope of life with both hands. With the great love spirit of respecting life, they save the dead and heal the wounded, so that life blooms a dazzling brilliance. Earthquake resistant Zhuang Ge · part (mural) ode to heroes in 1998 such as Hou Yimin, Deng Shu, Dai Shihe, sun Jingbo and Du Wencheng (Chinese painting) Yang Zhiguang's flaming youth (sculpture) Jiao Xingtao your hands bear our life and hope (Printmaking) Zheng Shuang's intellectual spirit of sincerity, dedication and dedication, which also explains the realm and pursuit of Communists. The oil painting Dunhuang daughter is a portrait of fan Jinshi, the third president of Dunhuang Research Institute. The creators Yuan Yuan and Ji Chengyu deliberately used strong expression techniques to highlight the strong contrast between fan Jinshi's spiritual strength and her thin body, and tried to integrate fan Jinshi's image into the Dunhuang Grottoes environment she guarded and show her persistent and tenacious spiritual strength. Dunhuang daughters (oil painting) Yuan Yuan and Ji Chengyu have created a large number of works that truly and deeply reflect the times and eulogize heroes and models. On the occasion of celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, it is of far-reaching significance to revisit these fine art works that have resonated with the audience and deeply understand the lofty ideal realm and spiritual character of the Chinese Communists. (the picture in the article comes from the wechat account of "literature and art of people's Daily" (author: Qi Zhe, Professor of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts) extended reading: the memory of Chinese mural sculpture in the past 40 years has changed dramatically into a statue of the people: the postscript to the red theme sculpture exhibition in Zhejiang Province (Chen Zheng)
