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北魏碑刻书法《贾思伯碑》简析

 贾思伯碑又名《贾使君碑》(“使君”是官称)。北魏神龟二年(519年)刻。原存兖州,宋绍圣三年 (1096年)、元至正二十二年(1362年)两度湮而复出,1951年移入曲阜孔庙。碑高215厘米,宽84厘米,厚20厘米。额饰浮雕龙纹,题“魏兖州贾使君之碑”,正文记贾思伯兖州任内政绩,笔法高古,结构精绝,为北魏名碑。

贾思伯碑又名《贾使君碑》(“使君”是官称)。北魏神龟二年(519年)刻。原存兖州,宋绍圣三年 (1096年)、元至正二十二年(1362年)两度湮而复出,1951年移入曲阜孔庙。碑高215厘米,宽84厘米,厚20厘米。额饰浮雕龙纹,题“魏兖州贾使君之碑”,正文记贾思伯兖州任内政绩,笔法高古,结构精绝,为北魏名碑。

碑阴上截有宋哲宗绍圣三年温益观跋,称褚遂良笔法得自此碑;下截刻元惠宗至正十二年丘镇立碑题记,碑侧为康熙五十九年金一风(兖州知府)移碑庑下题记,以及翁方纲跋。此碑最旧拓本为明拓,第九行漫漶处文字完好,清拓则较残泐,近拓已字形全无。有石印本明拓传世,王孝禹收藏题字,原本今藏故宫博物院。

《金石萃编》载:碑高六尺五寸,宽三尺四寸,文共二十四行,满行四十四字,书法高古,极似《张猛龙碑》。

贾思伯(468~525),字士休,北魏益都(今寿光)人,幼年聪慧,10岁能诵诗,“工草隶,善辞赋,文苑儒宗,遐迩归属”。21岁开始出仕朝廷,任太子步兵校尉、中书舍人,转中书侍郎,很受孝文帝的赏识,常随从征伐,孝文帝终时执笔代写遗诏。又任过荥阳太守,南青州刺史、兖州刺史,政绩显著,兖州人民曾为他立德政碑以表怀念。魏宣武帝时,转任辅国将军。公元507年,贾思伯以持节军司的身份,随任城王拓跋澄围攻钟离,兵败退却,贾负责断后,拓跋澄认为他是文人,很可能遇难,贾竟安全归营。拓跋澄称赞他说:“仁者必有勇,常谓虚谈,今于军司见之矣!”但贾却说自己因为迷路才凑巧脱险,绝不夸能表功;“时论称其长者”。

魏肃宗时任太尉长史、安东将军、廷尉卿,后因他“以儒素为业,不好法律,希言事”而转任卫尉卿。当时朝廷上下为建造“明堂”的规模格式而众说纷纭,久议不决。贾思伯上《明堂议》,提出了合理的方案,否定了戴德《礼记》中的记载和东汉蔡邕的见解,广征博引,论据确当,学者无不赞同。后升任太常卿度支尚书转正都官,又被太保崔光推荐为侍讲,教授肃宗读《杜氏春秋》,“言约义敷,旨高辞远”。他虽官高爵显,但仍勤学不懈,并能“倾身礼士”,虽在街途,也要“停车下马,接诱恂恂,曾无倦色。”他对人说:“衰至便骄,何常之有?”当世以为雅谈。

公元525年死于洛阳,肃宗追赠为镇东将军青州刺史,又赠尚书右仆射,谥号文贞。同年11月迁葬原籍,墓在今寿光城西南4公里的李二庄。

 

--------Introduction in English--------

 

Jia Sibo's stele is also known as Jia Shijun's stele ("Shijun" is the official name). Two years (519) carving of the tortoise in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Existing in Yanzhou, Song Shaosheng three years (1096), Yuan Zhizheng 22 years (1362) two annihilation and resurrection, moved to Qufu Confucian Temple in 1951. The stele is 215 centimeters high, 84 centimeters wide and 20 centimeters thick. Eye embossed dragon pattern, titled "Stele of Jia Ambassador Jun of Wei Yanzhou". The text records Jia Simbo's achievements in Yanzhou's internal affairs. His writing style is ancient, and his structure is excellent. He is a famous stele of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Jia Sibo's stele is also known as Jia Shijun's stele ("Shijun" is the official name). Two years (519) carving of the tortoise in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Existing in Yanzhou, Song Shaosheng three years (1096), Yuan Zhizheng 22 years (1362) two annihilation and resurrection, moved to Qufu Confucian Temple in 1951. The stele is 215 centimeters high, 84 centimeters wide and 20 centimeters thick. Eye embossed dragon pattern, titled "Stele of Jia Ambassador Jun of Wei Yanzhou". The text records Jia Simbo's achievements in Yanzhou's internal affairs. His writing style is ancient, and his structure is excellent. He is a famous stele of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The inscription on the tablet Yin is inscribed by Wen Yiguanba, the third year of Shaosheng of Song Zhezhong, who calls Zhu Suiliang's writing method derived from the tablet; the inscription on the tablet erected at Qiu Town in the twelfth year from Yuan Huizong to Zhengzheng is inscribed next to the inscription on the moving tablet of Jinyifeng (Yanzhou Zhifu) in the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi, and Weng Fanggang's postscript. The oldest rubbings of this monument are Mingtuo, the ninth line of rubbing is well written, the Qing rubbing is more fragmentary, and the nearest rubbing has no glyph. There are stone print Mingtuo handed down from generation to generation, Wang Xiaoyu collects inscriptions, originally the Palace Museum.

"Jinshi Xuebian" contains: the tablet is six feet five inches high, three feet four inches wide, a total of 24 lines, full of 44 characters, ancient calligraphy, very similar to "Zhang Menglong tablet".

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