《乾隆皇帝射猎图》轴,清乾隆,郎世宁等绘,绢本,设色,纵115厘米,横181.4厘米。
款识:“臣郎世宁恭绘。”下钤“臣世宁”白文方印、“恭绘”朱文方印。乾隆皇帝御题诗三首,款署:“南苑行围即事三首,乙亥暮春御笔。”钤“乾隆宸翰”白文方印、“得象外意”朱文方印、“研露”朱文长方印。“乙亥”是乾隆二十年(1755年),乾隆皇帝时年45岁。
此图表现乾隆帝及近亲王公大臣在南苑猎场捕射野兔的动感瞬间。作者通过骑在骏马上精悍的人物与狂奔逃命的野兔准确而且传神的刻画,成功地展示出乾隆皇帝娴熟的骑技和尚武骑射的创作主题。从乾隆皇帝的御制诗中可知,他此次南苑狩猎“是日凡中八兔”,可谓战绩骄人。从笔法上分析,图中乾隆皇帝的肖像及马无疑应出自郎世宁之手,山石树木等衬景则来自中国的宫廷画家之笔。
乾隆皇帝作为以畜牧、游猎为主的满族人后裔,严格遵守被清朝诸先帝奉为“满洲根本”、“先正遗风”的骑射尚武典制。他通过带有游乐性质的狩猎活动,将满族人弯弓射箭的传统习俗发扬光大。乾隆皇帝为了弘扬这种尚武精神,谕令宫廷西洋画师郎世宁以及中国宫廷画家创作了数十幅专门表现他行围狩猎场景的画作,此图便是其中之一。它们真实地纪录了乾隆皇帝在不同的历史时期,紧张而热烈的狩猎情景。同时,展示了乾隆帝行猎时所使用的枪、戟、箭等各种兵器,为研究乾隆朝的皇室武备无疑提供了难得的形象资料。
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"Qianlong Emperor Shooting Map" axis, Qing Qianlong, Lang Shining and other paintings, silk, color, vertical 115 cm, horizontal 181.4 cm.
Qian Zhi: "Chen Lang Shining paints respectfully." Xiajun "Chen Shining" in white and "Gong Painting" in Zhu. Emperor Qianlong's three imperial poems, the Department: "Nanyuan Xingwei instant three, the late spring of 1911 imperial pen." Jun's "Qianlong Chenhan" white square seals, Zhu's "like the outside meaning" square seals, and Zhu's "Yanlu" long square seals. "Yi Hai" was the twentieth year of Qianlong (1755). Emperor Qianlong was 45 years old.
This chart shows the momentum of Qianlong Emperor and his close relatives and ministers shooting hares at Nanyuan hunting ground. Through the accurate and vivid depiction of the sharp characters riding on horses and the wild rabbits running away, the author successfully demonstrates the creative theme of Qianlong Emperor's skillful riding skills and martial arts riding and shooting. From Emperor Qianlong's imperial poems, it can be seen that his hunting in Nanyuan was "eight rabbits in every day of the world", which was a remarkable achievement. From the analysis of brushwork, the portrait and horse of Emperor Qianlong in the picture should undoubtedly come from Lang Shining's hand, while the backdrop of rocks and trees comes from the brush of Chinese court painters.
Emperor Qianlong, as a descendant of the Manchu people who mainly lived in animal husbandry and hunting, strictly abided by the military code of riding and shooting, which was regarded as "the foundation of Manchuria" and "the legacy of the former Zhengzheng" by the Qing Dynasty's ancestors emperors. He carried forward the traditional Manchu custom of bowing and archery through hunting activities with amusement. In order to carry forward this martial spirit, Emperor Qianlong instructed Western palace painter Lang Shining and Chinese palace painters to create dozens of paintings specifically expressing his hunting scenes. This picture is one of them. They truly record the intense and enthusiastic hunting scenes of Emperor Qianlong in different historical periods. At the same time, it shows the guns, halberds, arrows and other weapons used by Emperor Qianlong in hunting, which undoubtedly provides a rare image data for the study of the Royal weapons of the Qianlong Dynasty.